FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 219 
marginal pale or yellow fibrils; yellow or orange above and pale below; apothecia 
rather rare, of the same size as in the last and of the same color or commonly brighter 
and occasionally even orange-red, the margin entire, crenulate or isidioid-granulate, 
commonly subpedicellate, and sometimes fibrillose below; hypothecium pale or 
slightly darkened; hymenium pale or yellowish-tinged, or yellowish above only; 
paraphyses conspicuously jointed and commonly branched toward the apex, the tips 
pale or yellowish and usually enlarged; asci ovate-cylindrical or cylindrico-clavate; 
spores oblong to ellipsoid, the mature ones, as in the two species above, being at least 
very largely polar 2-celled, 12 to 16 » long and 5.5 to 7.5 » wide. 
The plant as it occurs in Minnesota is a large form of the species, our description 
varying somewhat from that of Tuckerman, especially as to the size of the plant and 
form of the lobes. Ours is nearer than usual to Teloschistes parietinus, but it never 
need be confused either with this or the last species above. 
As widely distributed in the State as the last, but rather rare. On trees and rarely 
on rocks. 
Widely distributed in North America as also in northern Euro-Asia. Known also 
in South America. 
4. Teloschistes concolor (Dicks.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 51. 1882. 
Lichen concolor Dicks. Pl. Crypt. Brit. 3:18. pl. 9. f. 8. 1798. 
Thallus foliose, smaller than in the above foliose species, suborbicular or the lobes 
scattered, when not scattered 4 to 25 mm. in diameter, prostrate or the margins some- 
times slightly ascending, compact with lobes more or less imbricate or even passing 
into a continuous roughened crust toward the center, or the lobes more or less scat- 
tered and usually very narrow and irregularly much divided at least toward the cir- 
cumference, the margins frequently finely granulate, the lower side bearing numer- 
ous pale rhizoids and pale marginal fibrils; greenish yellow or rarely yellow above 
and pale beneath; apothecia of same color as the thallus or more commonly a brighter 
yellow or rarely brownish, the margin entire or crenulate, subsessile, and sometimes 
fibrillose below, 0.5 to 1.5 mm. in diameter; hypothecium pale or slightly darkened; 
hymenium pale or yellowish above; paraphyses plainly jointed, simple or rarely 
branched at the tips, these pale and enlarged; asci clavate, large; spores simple 
or 2-celled (not polar), many in each ascus, oblong, 5 to 11 » long and 3 to 5 » wide. 
Distributed over all of the State except the northeastern region covered by the 
fourth report of the preliminary survey. On trees and old wood. 
The plant is widely distributed in North America and is also known in Europe, 
Asia, and South America. 
4a. Teloschistes concolor effusus Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 52. 1882. 
Thallus lobes reduced to squamules, these granulose, at least at the margins, and 
passing sometimes into a powdery crust; in ours the squamules frequently scattered. 
A form has also been placed here which has the apothecial characters of the present 
subspecies, but has the thallus reduced to scattered granules. 
The subspecies has been reported from several localities in the northwestern por- 
tion of the State and from Mankato, well to the south. However, some of our speci- 
mens are hardly the subspecies. On trees. 
Tuckerman gives the subspecies the same North American distribution as the 
species. Apparently not noted elsewhere. 
Family PHYSCIACEAE. 
If we take into account the three elements—thallus structure, the development of 
the apothecia, and the spore characters, we have plainly enough in the Physciaceae 
the highest family of the Discocarpineae. And this becomes more apparent with 
our disposition of Urceolaria in the present family. 
