222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Our plant is scarcely so well marked as Tuckerman’s and may yet prove to be an 
unusually well developed form of the next species below. 
Collected at Gunflint and at Tofte. On trees. 
A North American plant found elsewhere in New England, in Illinois, and in arctic 
America. 
3. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. 122. 1855. Puate 46, B, 
Lichen sophodes Ach. Lich. Suec. 67. 1798. 
Thallus composed of minute granules, these running together to form a thin, con- 
tinuous, or more or less scattered, granulate and roughened or subareolate crust, 
ashy and passing into olivaceous-brown, irregularly and often widely spread over 
the substratum; apothecia small or minute, 0.3 to 0.8 mm, in diameter, adnate, the 
disk flat or convex and brown to blackish, the thalloid margin entire or subentire 
and inclosing a thin and more persistent proper exciple, the thalloid one frequently 
tending to disappear; hypothecium pale to brownish; hymenium pale below and 
commonly brownish above; paraphyses simple or rarely branched toward the com- 
monly enlarged and brownish apex; asci clavate; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 14 to 22 yt 
long and 6 to 12 « wide. 
Found throughout the State. On trees, old wood, and rocks. 
Distributed throughout North America. Known also in all of the grand divisions. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 46.—See p. 218. 
3a. Rinodina sophodes atrocinerea (Dicks.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 207, 1882. 
Lichen atrocinereus Dicks. Pl. Crypt. Brit. 3. 14. pl. 14. f. 9. 1798. 
Thallus granulose areolate or subsquamose and the areoles or squamules somewhat 
scattered; apothecia scarcely ever minute, the thalloid exciple often disappearing; 
spores of the usual size. 
Collected at Bemidji. On cedars in swamps. Said to be a rock form, but ours 
seems to belong here. 
Definitely reported, as far as known, only from California and Ontario, but doubt- 
less widely distributed in North America. Known also in Europe. 
3b. Rinodina sophodes tephraspis Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 208. 1882. 
Rinodina tephraspis Tuck. Amer. Journ, Sci, 25: 425. 1858. 
Thallus thickened and roughened, composed of crenulate, or more often verrucose- 
irregular and crowded areoles, brownish-ashy; apothecia finally middle-sized and 
prominent, 0.6 to 2 mm. in diameter, becoming convex, hemispherical, and variously 
irregular, the thalloid exciple said to be persistent, but disappearing in ours, 
Collected at Pipestone, at Warroad, on Flag Island in Lake of the Woods, and at 
Tower, thus apparently widely distributed in the State. On rocks other than cal- 
careous. 
Definitely recorded elsewhere in North America in only one or two localities, but 
doubtless more widely distributed and overlooked or referred elsewhere. A North 
American subspecies. 
8c. Rinodina sophodes confragosa (Ach.) Tuck. Gen. Lich. 123. 1872. 
Parmelia confragosa Ach. Meth. Lich. Suppl. 33. 1803. 
Thallus rather coarse, commonly verrucose and sometimes sublobate, whitish, 
apothecia becoming middle-sized; spores in ours possibly surpassing 30 » in length. 
This does not agree very closely with the published descriptions, and must be 
regarded as a provisional disposition. 
Collected at Snowbank Lake. On old wood, though more commonly a rock lichen, 
Elsewhere in North America, definitely reported from I]linois, California, Ontario, 
and Vancouver Island. Known also in Europe, Asia, and Africa. 
