226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
2. Physcia hypoleuca (Ach.) Tuck. Syn. N. A. Lich. 1: 68. 1882. 
Parmelia speciosa hypoleuca Ach. Syn. Lich. 211. 1814. 
Thallus not surpassing 80 mm. in diameter in any specimen examined, yet probably 
on the whole rather larger than that of the last, quite closely adnate with margins 
frequently more or less ascendant, smooth, commonly stellate, the lobes long and 
rather narrow, on the whole quite similar to those of the last but rather more rigid with 
the margins very rarely sorediate; sea-green, beneath usually white and without 
cortex, clothed more or less with black rhizoids; apothecia middle-sized to large, 
4 to 8 mm. in diameter, frequently numerous, subpedicellate, the disk dark brown 
to black, deeply concave and surrounded by a crenate or crenate-foliate margin; 
hypothecium pale or yellowish; hymenium pale below and brownish above: para- 
physes simple or branched toward the enlarged and usually brownish apices; asci 
clavate; spores oblong to ellipsoid, 22 to 35 ” long and 12 to 16 » wide, on the whole 
smaller than the measurements usually given, 
Rare about Minneapolis and once collected at Bemidji. Not known elsewhere in 
the State, though the plant is surely distributed throughout the southeastern portion. 
The North American distribution is about the same as that of the last species, with 
which the present one is closely related. I do not find the species recorded for Europe, 
though it is known to all the other grand divisions. 
3. Physcia ciliaris (L.) Ach. Lich. Suec. 173, 255. 1798. PLATE 47, A. 
Lichen ciliaris L. Sp. Pl. 1144. 1753. 
Thallus fruticose, cespitose, ascending, or pendent, varying in color from whitish 
to brownish on the convex pseudocorticate side and whitish on the commonly chan- 
neled and ecorticate side, the lobes elongated, 10 to 35 mm, in length, narrow and 
frequently showing a rounded condition, 0.5 to 2 mm. in width, much branched and 
usually becoming entangled, the convex side covered with trichomatic hyphez which 
give frequently a downy appearance under a magnifier, the edges bearing frequent 
cilia, especially toward the ends of the lobes; apothecia small to middle-sized, 2 to 4.5 
mm. in diameter, short-pedicellate, the disk whitish-pruinose or rarely naked and 
brown, more or less concave, the margin subentire to crenate or more or less toothed- 
ciliate; hypothecium pale or yellowish; hymenium pale below and brownish above; 
paraphyses simple or rarely branched toward the apex, slender, the apices sometimes 
thickened and brownish; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate; spores oblong to ellipsoid, 
31 to 42 » long and 15 to 21 » wide. 
Collected at several points on the north shore of Lake Superior and at Fowl Lake 
along the international boundary. On rocks. 
Frequent along the shores of the Great Lakes, in the mountains to the east and west, 
and northward. Known in all the grand divisions except Australia. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 47.—Plant of Physcia ciliaris on rocks, showing the fruticose thallus and the 
apothecia. B, Plant of Physcia stellaris on a tree trunk, showing the apothecia and the characteristic 
lobing of the closely adnate foliose thallus. A enlarged 1? diameters; B, 1,4; diameters. 
4. Physcia aquila (Ach.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 21: 309. 1856. 
Lichen aquilus Ach. Lich. Suec. 109. 1798. 
Thallus quite closely adnate, the margins scarcely ever ascendant, the upper surface 
smooth, stellate, the lobes usually elongated and narrow, subdichotomously much 
branched, imbricate, those of the center frequently more crowded and narrower, those 
of the circumference then wider, the sides of the lobes entire or wavy and the ends 
of the larger ones often crenate, sea-green or more often brownish, below pale with 
rhizoids of the same color or darkening, the lower pseudocortex less developed than 
the upper but usually continuous; apothecia rather small, 1.5 to 3.5 mm, in diameter, 
sessile, the disk brown to brownish black, concave, flat or even convex, the margin 
usually crenate; hypothecium yellowish or pale; hymenium pale beneath and 
