236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
A single species has been found in the State. On cedar trees. 
Type species Sagedia depressa Ach. loc. cit. The author has not been able to ascer- 
tain the status of this plant, but it is probably a Pertusaria or a Verrucaria. 
1. Sagedia oxyspora (Nyl.) Tuck. Gen. Lich. 266. 1872. 
Verrucaria oxyspora Nyl. Nya Bot. Not. 179. 1852. 
Thallus very thin and slightly scurfy, ashy in color, or frequently entirely hypo- 
phleodal or disappearing; apothecia minute, partly immersed in the substratum, 
globose-hemispherical, appearing as minute blackish spots crowned by the ostiole, 
the perithecium rather thin but commonly dark brown in section, the amphithecium 
cloudy or perhaps finally darkening; paraphyses slender, distinct, and commonly 
simple (Tuckerman states ‘‘separated from the type of Sagedia by the indistinct 
paraphyses”’); asci long-clavate or fusiform; spores varying considerably, fusiform or 
acicular, frequently curved, 4 to 8-celled, the septa indistinct and the spores often 
remaining for a long time, simple, 20 to 34 long and 2 to 4” wide. 
Generally distributed throughout the northern portion of the State. On birches 
and scarcely to be distinguished from certain Pyrenulas except in section, 
Elsewhere in North America at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and in Newfoundland, 
Ohio, and Illinois. Known also in Europe. 
ARTHOPYRENIA Mass. Ric. Lich. 165. /. 626-341. 1852. 
The thallus is crustose and hypophloodal, or rarely in part epiphloeodal. It fre- 
quently becomes wanting or so nearly so that it may be easily overlooked in the best 
sections of the substratum. The epiphloeodal portion is at best a very thin film and 
is usually quite smooth. The thallus is irregularly and often widely spread over the 
substratum, and may usually be distinguished from the general surface of the sub- 
stratum by its faint or more conspicuous whitish or ashy color. On account of the 
inconspicuous and often evanescent character of the thallus, members of the genus 
have frequently been regarded as pyrenomycetous fungi. But a study of a large 
number of specimens will in nearly every instance demonstrate the presence of a 
thallus containing algal cells. 
The apothecia are black in ours and are of the same general form, size, and structure 
as those of the Verrucarias, with similar amphithecium and perithecium, They are 
more or less sunken in the substratum, The paraphyses are simple or branched, and 
are usually more or less gelatinized and coherent-indistinct. The spores are hyaline 
ellipsoid-oblong to linear-oblong, and the number of cells varies from 2 to several. 
The members of the genus are closely related to the Verrucarias as well as to other 
genera of the Pyrenulaceae. 
Six species and subspecies have been found in the State, On trees, except one 
from rocks doubtfully admitted here. 
Type species Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) Mass. loc, cit. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
On rocks; spores 2-celled, 13 to 20 long ......2.2.------- 3. A. conoidea. 
On trees. 
Spores 2-celled. 
Spores 32 to 60 long ............------ eee eee 1. A. macrospora. 
Spores 12 to 18 long............-.----------+---- 2. A. gemmata. 
Spores more than 2-celled. 
Spores becoming obscurely muriform......-...--- ba. A. punctiformis _fal- 
lax. 
Spores never muriform. 
Spores 2 to 4-celled.........-.-.--..---------- 5. A. punctiformis. 
Spores 6 to 8-celled.........-.-.-...-----+---- 4. A. quinqueseptata. 
