FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 237 
1. Arthopyrenia macrospora "ink. 
Pyrenula megalospora Fink, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2:329. 1899, not Arthopyrenia mega- 
lospora Léonnr, Flora 41: 634, 1858. 
Thallus mainly hypophloodal, an epiphloeodal film sometimes present and smooth 
and widely spread over the substratum, ashy in color; apothecia scattered or occa- 
sionally occurring in clusters of 2 or 3, black or brownish black, convex with the: 
ostiole-bearing apex somewhat conical, semi-immersed or becoming quite superficial, 
rather large, 0.4 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, the perithecium dark brown in section, the 
amphithecium cloudy; paraphyses distinct, slender, simple or branched; asci cylin- 
drical; spores 2-celled, oblong-ellipsoid, somewhat constricted at the septum, 32 to 60 
long and 14 to 21” wide. 
Collected at Mankato and at Granite Falls. On trees. Not known elsewhere. 
Pyrenula megalospora of the preliminary reports. 
2. Arthopyrenia gemmata (Ach.) Mass. Ric. Lich. 166. f. 328, 1852. 
Lichen gemmatus Ach. Lich. Suec. 17. 1798. 
Thallus essentially hypophloodal, indicated at the surface by a whitish or ashy and 
frequently widespread coloration, sometimes a very thin epiphlceodal film over all or 
portions of the surface; apothecia partly immersed, black, smaller than in the last, 
0.3 to 0.65 mm. in diameter, the perithecium (or at least the upper half) brownish black 
or dark brown in section, the amphithecium pale; paraphyses, slender, commonly 
simple, distinct in ours examined; asci cylindrical; spores ellipsoid, 2-celled, varying 
considerably in size, ours 12 to 18, long and 7 to 9” wide, but foreign spores reaching 
27 » long and 12 » wide. 
Collected at Granite Falls and at Thief River Falls, On trees, 
Elsewhere in North America in New England, Florida, Ohio, Ilinois, lowa, Quebec, 
Ontario, and Alaska. Known also in Europe and Africa. 
Pyrenula gemmata of the preliminary reports. 
3. Arthopyrenia conoidea (I’r.) Fink. 
Verrucaria conoidea Fr. Lich. Eur, 432. 1831. 
Epilithic portion’ of the thallus rarely present as a whitish and very minutely 
powdery crust, or the whole thallus apparently wanting or indicated only by an ashy 
or pale pinkish coloration upon the substratum; apothecia of the same size and appear- 
ance as in the last, the perithecium blackish brown in section, the amphithecium 
pale; paraphyses slender and commonly simple, more or less coherent; asci cylin- 
drical; spores 2-celled, 13 to 20” long and 8 to 10 wide. 
Nylander states as follows: ‘‘ Vix consideranda sit nisi ut status saxicola gemmatae,”’ 
and the two seem certainly to be closely related. However, a careful study of the 
algal symbionts could not be made in ours, and this might indicate a more remote 
relationship, 
Collected at Bemidji. On limy pebbles. 
Not certainly known elsewhere in North America. Found in Europe and Africa. 
Verrucaria conoidea of the preliminary reports. 
4. Arthopyrenia quinqueseptata (Nyl.) link. 
Verrucaria quinqueseptata Nyl. Mém, Soc, Acad. Maine et Loire 4: 58, 1858, 
Thallus hypophlceodal and widely spread in the substratum, indicated at the 
surface by a whitish coloration, sometimes disappearing; apothecia somewhat larger 
and more superficial than in the last, globose, the perithecium dark brown in section, 
the amphithecium pale or light yellowish; paraphyses simple or sometimes branched, 
more or less gelatinized and coherent, rarely noticeably enlarged and darker toward 
the apex; asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate; spores linear-oblong, 6 to 8-celled, 16 to 
27 »« long and 5 to 8 » wide, 
