244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL ITERBARIUM. 
Elsewhere in North America reported in New England, British America, New 
Jersey, North Carolina, Alabama, and Ohio. Also known in Europe and New Zealand. 
Endocarpon miniatum aquaticum of the preliminary reports. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 50.—A, Plant of Dermatocarpon miniatum aquaticum on rock, showing the 
thickened and irregularly imbricated thallus. B, Plant of Staurothele wmbrina clopima on rocks, showing 
the areolate thallus and a few apothecia. A, about one-third natural size; B, enlarged 3 diameters. 
2. Dermatocarpon arboreum (f’r.) Fink. ; 
Endocarpon arboreum Fr. Lich. Eur. 407. 183 
Thallus closely adnate or the margins slightly raised, squamulose-foliose, the 
squamules 2 to 10 mm, in diameter, scattered upon the substratum or more commonly 
clustered and more or less imbricated, the margins entire and rounded or more or less 
lobed, pale olivaceous or brownish above, below pale with darkening rhizoids; apo- 
thecia indicated by the pores, these seen as brown or reddish brown spots upon 
the thallus, the amphithecium pale; paraphyses soon becoming gelatinized and 
coherent-indistinct; asci cylindrical or cylindrico-clavate; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, 
10 to 15 » long and 4 to 6 » wide. 
Collected twice in the State, at Redwood Falls and at Rainy Lake City. On trees. 
A North American lichen known elsewhere at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and in 
Florida, Alabama, South Carolina, Texas, Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa. 
Endocarpon arboreum of the preliminary reports. 
3. Dermatocarpon hepaticum (Ach.) Th. I’r. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. IIT. 8: 355. 
IS61. 
Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. Lich. Univ. 298. 1810. 
Thallus closely adnate, squamulose, the squamules rounded or irregular in form, 
small, | to 4 mm. across, reddish brown or olivaceous in color, more commonly closely 
clustered upon the substratum and sometimes more or less imbricated, below densely 
covered with hyphal rhizoids; apothecia indicated by the pores, these indistinctly 
seen as minute, darker spots, the amphithecium pale; paraphyses becoming gelati- 
nized and indistinct; asci cylindrico-clavate or cylindrical; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, 
9 to 12 7 long and 5 to 7 » wide. 
Widely distributed over the State. On bare earth and easily overlooked. 
Generally distributed throughout North America. Also in all of the grand divisions 
except South America. 
Endocarpon hepaticum of the preliminary reports. 
Family ENDOCARPACEAE. 
The family is closely related to the Dermatocarpaceae through Endocarpon and 
perhaps only less closely with the Verrucariaceae through the other genus of the 
family, Staurothele. In Endocarpon we have the same apothecial structure as in 
Dermatocarpon, but very different spores. And the thallus structure in the two 
genera also shows a somewhat close relationship. In Staurothele we find a typically 
crustose thallus quite similar to that of Verrucaria, but better developed. Also the 
perithecium is well developed. However, the spores are of the muriform type, 
resembling very closely those of Endocarpon, and it is on account of this resemblance 
in spore characters that we have placed Staurothele with the present family rather 
than with the Verrucariaceae. 
The family is represented in our flora by the two genera and only a few forms. 
ENDOCARPON®# Hedw. Descr. Muse. Frond. 2:56. pl. 20. f. a. 1789. 
The thallus is small and apparently crustose, but in section it shows rather the 
characters of a foliose thallus, having the algal, medullary, and upper cortical layers 
«The original spelling is followed. 
