. 
FINK—THE LICHENS OF MINNESOTA. 249 
Granulose. Composed of small or minute granules; said of a class of thalli. (PI. 
5, A, facing p. 70.) 
Gymnocarpic. Having an open disk, the exciple not being produced so as to cover 
the disk. (Fig. 9, p. 62.) 
Haustorium. An expanded or a branched area of a fungal hypha, entering or closely 
applied to an algal cell for the purpose of securing nourishment. (Fig. 1, p. 9.) 
Hyaline. Colorless or transparent. 
Hymenium. The portion of the apothecium composed of the asci and the paraphyses. 
(Pl. 11, facing p. 107.) 
Hypha, One of the septate, cylindrical, and branched elements of the fungal sym- 
biont. 
Hyphal rhizoid. A hypha which penetrates the substratum and performs the func- 
tions of a rhizoid. (PI. 32, facing p. 170.) 
Hypolithic. Below the surface of rocks. 
Hypophleodal. Below the surface of bark. 
Hypothallus. A colored layer below or surrounding a few lichen thalli. 
Hypothecum. The dense hyphal or cellular tissue below the hymenium. (PI. 18, 
facing p. 131.) 
Immersed. Sunken into the thallus or the substratum. (Fig. 18, p. 243.) 
Isidioid. Coral-like and applied to certain outgrowths upon the surface of some 
thalli. 
Lecideoid. Resembling Lecideas of the section Eulecidea: used with special refer- 
ence to the apothecial structure. 
Leprose. Scurfy; said of certain thalli. 
Inthophytic. Rock-inhabiting. 
Medulla, The network of hyphe in the interior of well-developed thalli. (Pl. 40, 
facing p. 204.) 
Muriform. Resembling bricks in a wall; applied to compound spores which do not 
consist of a single row of cells. (Pl. 21, facing p. 136.) 
Mutualism. That form of symbiosis in which both symbionts are benefited. 
Nutant. Nodding. 
Ostiole. The aperture at the summit of a perithecium, through which the spores 
escape. (Fig. 15, p. 188.) 
Pale. Whitish in color, translucent rather than transparent, between hyaline and 
cloudy. 
Paraphysis. One of the specialized, simple or more commonly branched hyphee, 
occurring in the hymenium. (PI. 3, facing p. 63.) 
Parenchymatous. Resembling a true parenchyma, as the cellular cortex in many 
lichens. (Fig. 3, p. 16.) 
Perithecium. The produced exciple of the angiocarpic lichens, inclosing the hyme- 
nium, except at the apical ostiole. (Fig. 17, p. 239.) 
Phyllocladium. A small, specialized and highly assimilative branch of a fruticose 
thallus. 
Podetium. An alga-bearing, branched or unbranched stalk, rising from the primary 
or horizontal thallusin certain lichens and bearing the apothecia. (PI. 15, facing 
p. 114.) - 
Polar 2-celled. Applied to spores that are 2-celled and have the two cells widely 
separated, situated at the opposite ends of the spore. (PI. 46, facing p. 218.) 
Proliferation, Used in describing Cladonias of the production of podetia from the 
sides or tops of other podetia. 
Proper exciple. The exciple which is an upward continuation of the hypothecium 
and devoid of algal cells. (Fig. 11, p. 95.) 
Pruinose. Covered with a bloom or powdery secretion. 
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