INDEX. ~441 
Palms—Continued. Page Page. 
habitat of different groups.............-. 303 | Pasture grasseS................2-.2-0-0---0--- 344 
intolerance to shade.................-- 299-302 | Patellaria................----22-----2---200- 8 
of Cocos Island.........-....---...------ 291 COTING. 2.22. ee ee eee eee eee ee 215 
Palms, structure of stems........... seeeeee 302-303 CIAVUS. 2.2 ee eee eee 66 
Panama, coconuts in, before discovery. - ...- 339 MYTOCOT PA . 2.2... eee eee eee ee eee 94 
coconuts in graves........-....---..----- 288 VATION. 2 ee eee ee eee eee eee e eee eeee 180 
frizzle-haired people found in.......... 295, 341 vitellind. 0.2.22. cee eee ee eee ee 216 
Peru substituted for...............2...-. 279 aurelld.. 2.2... 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee 216 
Pannaria........-.-..----..-.-- 16, 143, 146,149,150 | Patellariaceae..........2.2.2.2.....22-2020-- 64 
flabellosa.. . 2.2.2... 2 eee ee eee cee eee ee 153 | Peach palm cultivated by prehistoric Indians 285 
lepidiota. . ................0-0-2---055- 151, 152 description............22...-2-22------ 308-309 
leucosticta.........2..2.2.2-22.2.e eee eee 151 domestication in South America......... 308 
microphylla.........--..--0-eeeeeee cerns 152 | Peanuts, introduced by Portuguese into West 
nigra.........2---..---2- eee eee 16, 146, 147, 153 Africa... 2.222.222 eee ee eee eee eee eee 286 
petersii.........0 022. e eee 153 introduction into Europe.............--- 274 
rubiginosa..........---.2.20-2-2eeeeeee 150, 151 widely distributed in pre-Columbian 
conoplea. .......-....2 2-22. ee ee eee 151 America... .....2.-22. 202 e eee eee eee 275 
Panicum..... eet eeeotevevrsvacvccssacucceese 345 | Peltigera...........-...---.--- 16, 18, 21,82, 158, 159 
Pannariaceae .............-.-- 143, 146, 147, 148, 153 aphthosa..........-.-. 16, 18, 21, 54, 130, 159, 160 
Pappophorum alopecuroideum........-.....- 424 canina..........22. 22-222 e eee ee eee ee eee 35, 163 
eutrianoides.........-22----+-222-00e2---e 402 leucorrhiza.........-.-...-------0--- 164 
megapotamicum.....---....-+: Dee eeeeeeee 402 sorediata........--2-..-.--222--222--- 164 
Paraphyses of lichens .........-....---...--- 26, 27 spongiosa. .......----2--2---.-2----- 163 
Parmelia...............22--...-- 62, 76, 172, 190, 191 spuria.......22..--22.2 22222 eee eee 163 
aleurites ..........2-2..20-20. 22 e eee eee 197 Sorediatd... 2... 22.2. .e ee eee ee eee 164 
ambigua albescens....................--- 197 horizontalis..........20.22.20-2022 200-2 161 
borreri. . ....-.-----22- 22-2 eee eee eee 76, 96,195 malacea..........2--2-2.--2 202 ee eee eee 162 
rudecta............-.--.---2-22---0-- 195 polydactyla............ 0.2222. e ee 161 
candelabra lychneéd...........0eceeeeeeeee 218 rufescensS......---2----- 2-20 e ee ee eee ee eee 162 
caperata........... 2. eee eee eee eee eee ee 198 scutata.......2-...2----22--2--- ee 162 
centrifuga ........2-2.-2.-2-22-2- eee ee eee 199 tomentOSQ.......-------2- 20 eee ee ee eee eee 165 
CETING PYTACEA. . ...-- 2 eee eee ee eee eee ee 215 VONOSA. 2. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 160 
cetrata........- oadtererseetecteucsrecess 194 | Peltigeraceae...........-..---+-+2-+--- 130, 153, 157 
CONFTAQOSA. 22.2 eee eee eee cece eee eee eee 222 | Pentarrhaphis.............---..--.---- 350, 351, 355 
CONOPLER .. 0.22.2 e eee ence eee eee eee eee 151 fournieriand. .......2--2-2- 22222 e ee eee 357 
COMSPETSA...-...- 2-2-2 eee ee eee ee eee eee 198 Ce 357 
conspurcata.....-.-...----2.22 eee eee eee 198 polymorpha.................22-2-2-22--- 357 
crinita.........6... 2002. eee eee eee eee eee 194 seabra.........2-.2------2---- ...-- 350,355, 356 
GetONSA 0.0 e eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee 227 | Pepper, capsicum, introduction into Europe. 274 
GiStONS . . o occ cece cece eee eee eee eee ee eee 179 | Pertusaria...............2202 2022 ee eee eee eee 187 
elacista...........-2..0-22--020- 20-2222 ee 191 communhnis.........-------------- 48, 96, 187, 188 
endochrysed ........2-+2------20- 20-22 e eee 229 finkii.........-....2.---2-2-02-- 22 eee ee eee 189 
MELANASPIS . . 2. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 183 leioplaca.......---.---+--2--e- eee eee eee 190 
ODSCUTG ..- 2222. e eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 229 multipuncta...... 22-2... eee eee eee eee 188 
Olivacea .......22.. 22. ee ee eee eee eee 197 multipuncta laevigata... .......22-20- eee 188 
aspidota..........2-.2.2.2202 ee eee eee 197 ophthalmiza ..........--......-2-.-- 188 
corticola conspurcatd .........02202005 198 ophthalmiza ......-.-.-+-0-.0-0- eee eee eee 188 
prolixa..........-.-.---.-2- eee eee 198 pustulata........-...--.------2-2--2---- 189 
omphalodes panniformis...............--. 196 SP.... 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 97 
perforata. . 22.2... 2.022 ee eee ee eee 193 velata.......-22------ 20-2 e eee eee eee eee 188 
hypotropa........-...-......2.....-- 193 — Pertusariaceae.............-...-0---22---- 186, 235 
perlata........-.....22.2.0222 2.2222 e ee 193,194 | Peru, no coconuts in.........-...2--..------ 279 
Ciliata. .........22. 22.22 eee eee eee eee 193 substitution of, for Panama...........-. 279 
pertusa............2-....02 2. ee eee eee eee 196 | Peruvian desert, extent............-....---- 334 
physodes.......-.--.-.----222--02.ee eee 35 | Peruvians, knowledge of lands in Pacific..... 294 
rudect.........20-----0--2 20 ee eee eee ee 195 | Pezita..... 2.02... ccee cece cece ccnncccecceeses 8 
Ma ass i oe ee os Se Se 2 36, 96,195 | Phacidium............... 00.00.02 c cece eee ee 8 
panniformis.......................-. 196 | Philippines, coconut industry.............-- 272 
SUN Os ns Siwe see te cee wee ee en ees 196 “tuba” introduced from..........--..-. 290 
&epeciosa hypoleuca.........222... 2022 eens 226 | Phliyctis..........-.-.2-.---2--2222 202-22 e eee 231 
subfusca argentata.............2-.....-.- 179 | Phyllocladia of lichens.....................- 11,12 
Co 196 | Physcia............. 16,92, 102, 190, 191, 220, 224, 230 
tiliacea..... 2.2.2.2... 2 cece eee ee eee eee 194 adglutinata...-.....-222...2.02222-22.- 224, 230 
Cl ae 228 aquila.......0-...-2222222-02 220-2 e eee eee 226 
1) 188 detonsa........-2-. 222s eee eee eee 227 
Parmeliaceae..................0.-- 166, 169, 190, 220 CACSIA. LL. e eee eee eee eee eee ee 229 
