4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Paris. From an agrostological standpoint the collections at 
Paris are of great importance. The herbarium is at the Muséum 
d’Histoire Naturelle in the Jardin des Plantes. The general her- 
barium contains the types of Bonpland, Desvaux, Fournier, Richard, 
and Steudel. The Michaux Herbarium, the Jussieu Herbarium, 
and the Lamarck Herbarium are severally segregated. The Cosson 
Herbarium recently acquired by the Muséum contains many Poiret 
types. The private herbarium of Drake de Castillo, now located at 
Rue de Balzac 2, and containing the Franqueville Herbarium, has 
come under the control of the Muséum. Here are many duplicate 
types of Michaux and Richard, and a set of Schaffner’s Mexican 
plants. 
Prague. To Americans the most important plants here are those 
collected by Haenke and described by C. B. and J. 5. Presl in Reli- 
quiae Haenkeanae. A part of the grasses are at the Museum des 
K6nigreichs B6éhmen and a part at the Botanischer Garten of the 
German University. 
Sr. Perersspurc. The herbarium of the Botanical Garden con- 
tains the Mexican collections of Karwinsky and IF. Mueller, among 
which are several of Fournier’s types. To agrostologists a very 
important herbarium is that of Trinius at the Académie Impériale 
des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. This is kept apart from the general 
herbarium. ' 
SrockHoLtm. The herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum 
contains the types of Fries and Lindman from South America and, 
segregated, the Swartz Herbarium of West Indian plants. 
Vienna. The most important herbarium is that of the Kaiser- 
liches und Kénigliches Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum. 
TYPE SPECIMENS. 
As indicated in a previous paper @ the type specimen of a species 
is that specimen or one of the specimens from which the author 
drew up the description, or the specimen which the author had chiefly 
in mind when writing the description. Not infrequently the descrip- 
tion is based upon a single specimen, in which case there is no doubt 
as to what specimen is the type. Sometimes the author had several 
specimens at hand, in which case it becomes necessary to determine, 
if possible, which specimen represented to the author his ideal of the 
species. This may be shown, in case the author has designated no 
type, by the specific name, which may indicate a collector or locality, 
or by a careful comparison of the description, and especially of notes, 
with the specimens, or by some note upon the sheets of specimens 
which the author is known to have had before him at the time of 
@ Hitchcock, Types of American Grasses, Contr. Nat. Herb. 12: 113. 1908. 
