MILLER AND STANDLEY—-NORTH AMERICAN NYMPHAEA. 73 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35.—A. Fruit of Nymphaea microphylla. 3B. Fruit of Nymphaea fraterna, type 
collection. C. Fruit of Nymphaea advena. A1l natural size. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 36.—Seeds of (A) Nymphaea microphylla, (B) N. rubrodisca, (C) N. americana, 
(D) N. fraterna, (E) N. advena. (F) N. advena macrophylla, (G) N. ozarkana. All natural size. 
Specimens examined: 
In formalin— 
Mare: Birch Brook near north end of Cross Lake, Eagle Lake Chain, Aroostook 
County, 1903, W. C. Kendall. 
New Hampsuire: Cambridge River near Lake Umbagog, 1905, Kendall. 
New York: Piseco, 1901, W. L. Ralph; Gray, 1901, J. Perkins; Lake Champlain, 
1901, Eggleston. 
Dried !— 
Canapba: Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1892, Fowler (Gray); Amqui Station, 
Metapedia River, 1882, Macown 97; Otter Slide Lake, Ontario, 1900, Macoun 
21699; St. Johns County, New Brunswick, 1869, Fowler; near Quebec, Mrs. 
Percival (C.);St. Johns River, New Brunswick, 1885, G. U. Hay (C.); Saguenay 
River, 1890, 7. F. Allen (C.); Moose River Basin, Northern Ontario, 1903, 
J. M. Bell; Punk Island, Lake Winnipeg, 1884, Macoun. 
MaINeE: Moosehead Lake, 1875, Charles E. Smith; Cabossucontu Lake, Monmouth, 
1899, W. C. Kendall; shallow pond, St. Francis, Aroostook County, 1893, Fer- 
nald 10; Sunkhaze Stream, Milford, 1892, Fernald (N. E.); West Baldwin, 
Cumberland County, 1894, Furbish (N. E.); Piscataquis River, Dover, 1894, 
Fernald (N. E.); Orono, 1878, Scribner (Greene); Penobscot River, Somerset 
County, 1882, Charles E. Smith (Phila.); near the east branch of the Penob- 
scot, 1847, A. Young, jr. (C.); without locality, 1847, Thurber (Gray); Green, 
1878, Scribner (Mo.); Winthrop, 1862, Sturtevant (Mo.). 
Vermont: Shelburn, 1879, Pringle; Winooski River, Colchester, 1876, Pringle; 
Joes Pond, Danville, 1894, Grant & Eggleston (C.); Lake Memphremagog, 
1860 (N. Y.); Little Otter Creek, Ferrisburg, 1880, Z. & C. E. Faxon (Gray); 
Shoreham, 1878, Brainerd (Mo.); Burlington, 1841, John Carey (Mo.). 
New Hampsuire: Ponds, no locality, Oakes Herbarium. 
action is in the highest degree arbitrary, as contravening a cardinal principle” (more 
specifically article 15 of the Vienna Code itself: namely, that the only valid designation 
of a group of plants is the earliest name applied to it within certain clearly defined 
limitations) article 49 is one of the portions of the Vienna Code accepted by the Nomen- 
clature Commission of the Botanical Club of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science, and thus incorporated in the American Code of 1907 now used as the 
standard by writers in the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. 
Apart from its contravention of the ‘‘cardinal principle” which lies at the base of all 
stability in nomenclature, article 49 is further objectionable on account of the encour- 
agement which it offers to slovenly and incomplete study of the literature, and to the 
multiplication of useless new names; while finally, though here the situation is bright- 
ened by a note of comedy, it rests on the tacit assumption that between tribe and 
family, or subgenus and genus, or subspecies and species, there is an actual, knowable 
difference of kind.—G. 8. M. 
1 The letters in parentheses refer to the herbaria where the species are to be found. 
“Gray” denotes the Gray Herbarium; ‘‘N. Y.,”’ that of the New York Botanical 
Garden; ‘‘C,”’ the herbarium of Columbia College, deposited at the New York Bo- 
tanical Garden; ‘‘Mo.,’’ the Missouri Botanical Garden; ‘‘N. E.,’’ the herbarium of 
the New England Botanical Club, deposited with the Gray Herbarium; ‘‘Greene,”’ 
the private herbarium of Dr. E. L. Greene; ‘‘Phila.,’’ the herbarium of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. All specimens not marked thus are in the Na- 
tional Herbarium. 
