252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
Endocarps of each fruit fused into a single bony shell. 
Genera numerous, Cocos, Attalea, Acrocomia, Bac- 
tris, ete. In undergrowth and open forests, South 
and North America, THe Coconut PAaums......... COCACEAE. 
Endocarps either not fused or not forming a bony shell, 
Pistils of 4 to 9 united caspels, usually maturing several 
large, bony seeds. Genus Phytelephas. In forests 
and coast plains, Panama to Peru. Tur Ivory 
PALMS......2 220. eee eee eee eee eee ee PHYTELEPHANTACEAE. 
Pistils with only 3 carpels, rarely maturing 2 or 3 small 
seeds, usually only 1. 
Inflorescences not emerging from the persistent, bag- 
like, fibrous spathes. Genus Manicaria, In tidal 
swamps, Brazil to Guatemala. THe Bag Paums.... MANICARIACEAE. 
Inflorescences emerging from incomplete or deciduous 
spathes. 
Flowers inserted in deep, closed pits. Genera num- 
erous, Geonoma, Calyptronoma, Welfia, etc. In 
forests, South and Central America. THe FisHrarn 
PALMS.......... 220202 e eee eee cece eee eee ee eeee GEONOMACEAE. 
Flowers superficial or in shallow depressions. 
Seeds inclosed in the three equally developed, coalesced 
carpels. Genera Malortiea and Reinhardtia. In 
forest undergrowth, Central America. Tue Larrice 
PALMS.....0.. 000.202 e eee eee eee eee eee eens MALORTIEACEAE. 
Seeds inclosed in single carpels, the three pistils sepa- 
rate or attached but not coalesced. 
Dicecious, flowers of different sexes on different plants. 
Genera numerous, Chamaedorea, Morenia, Eleuthe- 
ropetalum, Dasystachys, etc. In forest undergrowth, 
Central and South America. THe Pacaya Patms... CHAMAEDORACEAE. 
Moneecious, the flowers of separate sexes, but both in 
the same inflorescence or on the same plant. 
Trunk not reaching the ground, entirely supported by a 
cluster of long stilt-like roots. Genera numerous, 
Triartea, Catoblastus, Wettinia, etc. In forests, South 
America to Nicaragua. Tur Stirr Paums.......... IRIARTEACEAE. 
Trunk rooted in the ground, not depending on the sup- 
port of aerial roots. 
Flowers arranged in longitudinal rows; spathes several. 
Genera Synechanthus, Aeria, and Gaussia. On 
slopes and summits, Central America to Porto Rico. 
THe Row-FLOWERED PALMS..................----- SYNECHANTHACEAE. 
Flowers arranged in clusters of 3; spathes 2. Genera 
numerous, Acrista, Plectris, Catis, Roystonea, etc. In 
swamps and forests and on mountain summits, South 
and North America. Tar Roya Paums........... ACRISTACEAE. 
