HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—GRASSES OF THE WEST INDIES. 385 
keels crested above, the rachilla joint below the 3-awned rudimentary floret 
adnate to the lower part of the keel; staminate spikelets awnless, imbricate in 
short spikes, these racemose. 
1. Opizia stolonifera Pres], Rel. Haenk. 1: 293. pl. 41. f. 1. 1880. 
A low stoloniferous perennial forming dense mats, the shoots on the stolons 
mostly fascicled, the slender flowering culms 5 to 10 cm. tall; blades flat; pis- 
tillate spikes short-exserted, the 1 to 3 racemose staminate spikes long-exserted. 
Open ground and pastures, southern Mexico and vicinity of Habana, Cuba. 
Originally described from Acapulco. 
88. PAPPOPHORUM Schreb. 
Spikelets 1 to 3-flowered, the upper sterile; glumes thin, subequal; lemma 
subindurate, dissolving at the summit into about 138 slender awns, the second 
and third florets reduced, closely appressed to the palea, the awns of all the 
ficrets together forming a pappus-like crown, falling attached to the fruit. 
1. Pappophorum alopecuroideum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 8: 10. 1794. 
Pappophorum laguroideum Schrad.; Schult. Mant. 2: 342, 1824. 
A tufted glabrous perennial with erect culms 1 meter or more tall, long 
involute blades, and pale elongate spikelike, densely flowered panicles softly 
bristly from the numerous delicate awns. 
Rocky soil, southern Mexico to South America and the West Indies. Vahl 
States as to the origin of his type specimen, “ Ad fodinas Insulae Spanish Town 
Americae legit Du. v. Rohr.”* This may refer to Spanish Town, Jamaica, but 
we have no specimens from that island. Pappophorum laguroideum was de- 
scribed from the West Indies. 
Cuba (Province of Habana), Porto Rico (Punta Aguila and on Desecheo and 
Mona Islands), St. Thomas, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, and Trinidad. 
89. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm. 
Plants diccious; spikelets 2 or 3-flowered, usually sessile in pairs, concealed 
in the upper sheaths; glumes leaflike, rigid, with membranaceous sheaths and 
short, strongly veined spreading blades, the first about equaling the uppermost 
floret ; lemmas rather rigid, the palea with winged keels. 
1. Monanthochloé littoralis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 1: 436. 1859. 
A low, extensively creeping. wiry perennial with erect, commonly paired 
branches and crowded short rigid squarrose blades, the inconspicuous spikelets 
hidden in the upper leaves. 
Muddy seacoasts of the warmer parts of America, often forming extensive 
colonies. Originally described from Texas. Found in Cuba at Cayo Cruz 
(Shafer 2773). 
90. GYNERIUM Humb. & Bonpl. 
Plants dicecious; spikelets several-flowered; pistillate spikelets with long- 
attenuate glumes and smaller long-silky lemmas; staminate spikelets with 
shorter glumes and glabrous lemmas. 
*De Rohr was inspector of agriculture in the island of St. Croix. He visited 
Jamaica, Martinique, Surinam, Cartagena, Cayenne, and St. Martha, his plants 
going mostly to Vahl. (See Laségue, Mus. Bot. Deless. 489. 1845.) 
