32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
several evergreen oaks, at elevations of 1,500 to 2,150 meters, almost throughout the 
State. The wood is soft and decays rapidly, so that it is poor for firewood or fence posts 
and is but little used. Large quantities of the seeds are gathered every year to be 
eaten. They are very palatable, having a sweet flavor, especially after having been 
roasted. The tree is one of the most characteristic plants of the Upper Sonoran Zone, 
not occurring outside that division. 
2. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 1: 392. 1832. 
Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Crescit in montibus altioribus imperii mexicana V.C.ad ecclesiam 
S. Crucis prope Sultepec.”’ 
Ranae: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and south- 
ward. 
New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Goldman 1408). Upper Sonoran Zone. 
3. Pinus brachyptera Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848. 
YELLOW PINE. 
Pinus engelmanni Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 141. 1856. 
Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880. 
Pinus scopulorum Lemmon, Gard. & For. 1897: 183. 1897. 
Type Locauity: ‘‘Mountains of New Mexico.”’ Type collected by Wislizenus in 
1847. . 
RanaeE: Throughout the Rocky Mountains, from the northern boundary of the 
United States to northern Mexico. 
New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges of the State, which reach an 
altitude of 2,100 meters or more. Transition Zone. 
This is the most common tree of New Mexico and Arizona, and constitutes per- 
haps two-thirds of the timber of the former State. It is certainly first in importance 
from the standpoint of quantity and quality of lumber. It occurs only in the moun- 
tains at elevations of from 1,800 to 2,850 meters, being associated with the pinyon 
in the lower edge of this belt, and with Pinus flexilis and Pseudotsuga near its upper 
limit, rarely forming pure forests. The older trees are frequently over 35 meters 
high and the trunks from 80 to 100 cm. in diameter. The bark loses its outer layers 
and becomes cut into irregular quadrangular segments, which are smooth and of light 
reddish or yellowish brown color. Younger trees, with trunks 45 cm. or less in diame- 
ter, have darker colored bark and are generally known to the lumbermen as a dif- 
ferent tree—their ‘‘jack pine.’’ Lumber made from the larger trees is usually spoken 
of as ‘‘Arizona” pine in distinction from ‘‘Texas” pine, and is regarded as the most 
valuable soft wood of the region. 
The inner bark of this and other conifers was chewed or eaten by tae Indians in 
earlier times when other food was wanting. To-day some of the tribes remove the 
bark from the trunks to secure an exudation of resin which they use in coating their 
wicker water bottles. Upon the Mescalero Apache Reservation one sees many trees 
killed by this girdling. 
4. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848. 
Pinus leiophylla chihuahuana Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 14. 1909. 
Typr LocaLity: ‘Mountains of Chihuahua. 
Rance: Mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward. 
New Mexico: Animas and San Luis mountains. Transition Zone. 
5. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823. WHITE PINE. 
Apinus flevilis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905. 
Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Arid plains subjacent to the Rocky Mountains, and * * * * 
up their sides to the region of perpetual frost.”’ 
RanGeE: Northern Mexico to southern Alberta. 
