STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS. 195 
Leiphaimos was based by Schechtendal and Chamisso in 1831 
upon a plant collected by Schiede and Deppe upon rotten logs in the 
forests of Papantla, Mexico. The original species, Leiphaimos para- 
siticus, has the most northern range and possibly the widest dis- 
tribution of any plant of the genus, occurring from southern Mexico 
to the West Indies and the keys of Florida. Five other generic 
names have been published which, for the present, are considered 
synonyms of Leiphaimos. Ciminalis of Rafinesque’* contained 3 
species which are said to be synonyms of Leiphaimos aphyllus, the 
earliest published species of the group, described by Jacquin in 1760 as 
Gentiana aphylla? 
Leianthostemon of Miquel® was based upon two closely related 
species with corymbose inflorescence. Miquel describes two other 
genera at the same time, Disadena* and Pneumonanthopsis.* The 
first, under which he described a single species, ). flavescens, is the 
name to be used for those species having glanduliferous ovaries, 
should it ever be deemed necessary to resegregate them as a distinct 
genus. Pneumonanthopsis consisted of two species of rather diverse 
form. Biglandularia of Karsten,’ like Disadena, was based upon a 
plant with gland-bearing ovaries, B. azwrea (Leiphaimos azureus 
Gilg), one of the species listed here from Panama. 
It seems to the writer that it will probably be necessary later to 
resurrect some of these names and to form several additional genera. 
The plants composing the genus vary greatly in general appearance 
as well as in floral structure, variations more conspicuous than those 
separating most of the genera of the Gentianaceae. So little material 
exists in herbaria, however, and this often incomplete, that it does 
not seem wise to attempt generic segregations at present. From 
the nature of the plants the species must have a localized distribution, 
and few of them are known from more than a single collection. They 
are said to be represented by only a few individuals, and these 
usually widely separated, in a given locality. 
Leiphaimos has a rather wide distribution in tropical America, 
extending from Mexico and the keys of Florida, through the West 
Indies, to Bolivia and central Brazil. Two species have been de- 
scribed from tropical western Africa.® 
There is at least one good monograph of the genus, and many of 
the species have been illustrated. Grisebach, in his Genera et Species 
Gentianearum, in 1839, lists seven species, with keys and descriptions. 
In the next year Splitgerber published a revision of the group, de- 
2H). Tellur. 3: 19, 1836. *Stirp. Surin. Sel, 150. 1850. 
7BHnum. Pl. Carib. 17. 'TLinnaea 28: 416, 1856. 
*Stirp. Surin. Sel. 147, 1850. * Baker, Kew Bull. 1894: 25, 26, 1894. 
