432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
purplish, 7 to 8 mm. long; achenes thickened, blackish brown, glabrous, slightly 
striatulate and pustulose or smooth, 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long, the base inclosed by the 
conspicuous, whitish or at length brownish, scarious-chartaceous development (0.7 
mm. long) of the short carpopod; pappus none. 
TPE Locairy: Along the Rio Ceiba, Buenos Aires, Costa Rica. The species 
was based on Pittier 3136 (in part), from the Rfo Tiliri, San José; Pittier 3735, from 
the Rio Ceibo at Buenos Aires; and Pittier 10631, from Ujarras de Buenos Aires, 
Costa Rica, the second of which is here selected as the type. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GuaTEMALA: Hills between Cajval and Cahabén, Alta Verapaz, altitude 400 
meters, 1905, Pittier 226 (N). Vicinity of Secanquim, Alta Verapaz, altitude 
550 meters, 1905, Pittier 201 (N). 
Costa Rica: Along the Rio Ceiba, Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, February, 
1891, Pittier 3735 (type; G). 
Tithonia pittieri may be distinguished from T. scaberrima by its smaller heads and 
more sparsely pubescent stem and leaves. 
8. Tithonia scaberrima Benth.; Oerst. Naturhist. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 
1852: 91. 1852. 
Tithonia platylepis Schultz Bip.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 368. 1873, nomen 
nudum. 
Mirasolia scaberrima Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168. 1881. 
Gymnolomia platylepis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883. 
Gymnolomia decurrens Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 90, 1889, 
Perymeniopsis perfoliata Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1889, as synonym. 
Tithonia glaberrima Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 371. 1891. 
Gymnolomia scaberrima Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 268. 1907. 
Stout branching herb, 1.3 to 5 meters high; stem usually densely pilose or hispid- 
pilose with spreading hairs and hispidulous, sometimes incurved-hispid; leaves oppo- 
site below, alternate above, the blades 8.5 to 17 cm. long (excluding the margined 
petiole), 2.5 to 9.8 cm. wide, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, rarely lanceolate, 
acuminate, cuneately or abruptly contracted into the petiole, thickish, crenate- 
serrate, above scabrous with short incurved hairs with glandular-tuberculate bases, 
along the veins hispid-pilose, beneath pale or canescent, densely and softly pilosulous 
or pilose with more or less spreading hairs, triplinerved and rather veiny; petioles 
cuneately margined nearly to the base, not auriculate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long; heads few, 
5 to 7 cm. wide, on fistulose, sparsely or densely hispid-pilose and hispidulous, naked 
or bracteate peduncles up to 12 cm, long; disk 1.8 to 2.5 cm. high, 1.8 to 3.5 cm. thick; 
involucre 4-seriate, strongly graduated, 1.2 to 1.8 cm. high, the phyllaries oval or 
obovate, broadly rounded at tip, the two outer series indurate-subherbaceous, with 
thinner tip, rather densely hispid-pilose with subtuberculate-based hairs and ciliate 
or ciliolate, the inner with indurate, more or less pubescent base and submembrana- 
ceous, ciliolate, otherwise subglabrous apex; rays yellow, 14 to 18, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; 
disk corollas yellow, puberulous below and on teeth, 5 to 7 mm. long (tube 0.5 to 1.1 
mm. long); pales acute or acuminate, not cuspidate, hispidulous or tuberculate 
toward tip, 8 mm. long; achenes glabrous, slightly thickened, blackish brown, 3 to 4.3 
mm. long; pappus none. 
Tyre Locauiry: Coniferous region, vicinity of Chinotega, Province of Segovia, 
Nicaragua, altitude 1,525 meters. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
Veracruz: Valley of Cérdoba, 1866, Bourgeau 1851 (N). Cerro del Borrego, 
Orizaba, altitude 1,370 meters, 1895, Pringle 6087 (N). Hacienda Mirador, 
altitude 1,095 to 1,220 meters, 1894, Nelson 65 (N). Open forests, Zacuapan, 
1907, Purpus 2183 (N). Rocky soil, Fortin, Zacuapan, 1907, Purpus 2852 
(N). 
