viii KEY TO THE ORDERS 
b. Trees or shrubs, with pinnately or palmately compound or lobed leaf-blades : ovules 
solitary in each peed us of the ovary. i Order ARECALES. 
B. Ovary, and fruit, "E Mucius recs a 
Endosperm present and usually copious. 
nga regular : M ag CN n Wade Sd AS MEO AMARYLLIDALES. 
i H um much reduc : 
Flowers very irregular: androec a ee Ne 
Endosperm wanting. eps i 
Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious: aquatic plants. Order HYDROCHARITALES. 
Flowers irregular, perfect: terrestrial or epiphytic plants. Order ORCHIDALES. 
2. DICOTYLEDONES. 
A. Corolla wanting, except in the pistillate flowers of Juglans (Juglandaceae). E 
Calyx wanting, at least in the staminate flowers, except sometimes in Casuarina (Casuarinaceae). 
erbs. 
Flowers mainly perfect. : 
Seeds solitary in each carpel or in each cavity of the ovary: endosperm present. 
Flowers spicate: styles wanting: stigmas sessile. - 3 Order PIPERALES. 
Flowers axillary: styles present. Callitrichaceae in Order EUPHORBIALES. 
Seeds numerous in each cavity of the ovary : endosperm wanting. 
odostemaceae in Order ROSALES. 
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Order EUPHORBIALES. 
Trees or shrubs: flowers monoecious or dioecious, or polygamous. nd 
Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales: stems or branches loosely jointed. 
Order CASUARINALES. 
Leaves not appressed scales : stems or branches not loosely jointed. 
Fruit 1-seeded : seeds without tufts of hairs. 
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity of the ovary : flowers not in heads. 2 
Gynoecium I-carpellary : stigma 1: ovule laterally attached and amphitropous. 
Order LEITNERIALES. 
Gynoecium 2-carpellary: stigmas 2: ovule erect and orthotropous or pendulous 
and anatropous. 
Pistillate flowers without a calyx : ovule erect and orthotropous. 
x : Order MYRICALES. 
Fistillate flowers with a calyx : ovule pendulous and anatropous. 
Leaf-blades simple. 
Fruit a nut or an achene. Corylaceae in Order FAGALES. 
Fruit a drupe. Oleaceae in Order OLEALES. 
Leaf-blades compound : fruit a samara. Oleaceae in Order OLEALES. 
Ovules many : flowers aggregated intodense heads. Altingiaceae in Order ROSALES. 
Fruit many-seeded : seeds each with a tuft of hairs. Order SALICALES. 
Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers. 
Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales: branches loosely jointed. 
Order CASUARINALES. 
Leaves not appressed scales: branches not loosely jointed. 
Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or ament-like spikes. 
Leaf-blades simple: ovule pendulous and anatropous. 
Pistillate flowers separate at maturity: fruit a nut or an achene. Order FAGALES. 
Pistillate flowers forming aggregate fruits: fruit drupe-like. 
: Artocarpaceae in Order URTICALES. 
Leaf-blades pinnately compound : ovule erect and orthotropous. Order JUGLANDALES. 
Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments, 
&. Ovary superior. 
—€— C es or several and distinct carpela: stigma and style solitary. 
i ry. 
tyle lateral and oblique. Petiveriaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES. 
Style axile, erect. 
Ovary neither enclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a calyx-tube. 
Flowers not solitary in axils : land plants. 
Filaments free and distinct. Urticaceae in Order URTICALES. 
Filaments adnate to the sepals or to the calyx-tube. 
Order PROTEALES. 
Flowers solitary in axils; aquatic plants. 
Ceratophyllaceae in Order RANALES. 
Ovary enclosed in or seated in a Dypenbium or a calyx-tube. 
Stamens borne under the gynoecium. 
Allioniaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES. 
Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx-tube. 
Order THYMELEALES. 
Carpels several : 
Stamens inserted below the ovary. Families in Order RANALES. 
Stamens inserted on the edge of à cup-shaped hypanthium. 
Rosaceae in Order RosALEs. 
Gynoecium of 2 or several united ls: stigmas or styles 2 or several. 
* Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and Lo ue ur 
ves with sheathing stipules (ocreae). Order POLYGONALES. 
Big sel eee c or if stipules are present they are not sheathing. 
ors 
Anthers opening by slits: ovary not seated in a hypanthium. 
Ulmaceae in Order URTICALES. 
mene opening by hinged valves: € seated in an aecrescent hypan- 
jum. 
uraceae in Order THYMELEALES. 
Herbs or vines. 
t Leaves with stipules. 
Stipules herbaceous: inflorescence spicate or racemose: leaf-blades 
palmately veined. Cannabinaceae in Order URTICALES. 
221 
285 
307 
46 
308 
330 
690 
494 
690 
331 
336 
343 
355 
332 
818 
818 
