os 
xn KEY TO THE ORDERS 
** Petals more or less united. 
Ovary superior. 
Stamens free from the corolla. aD AN 
Gynoecium of a single carpel. Families in Order ROSALES 
Gynoecium of several united carpels. 
Filaments united. 
Stamens diadelphous. Fumariaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. 
Stamens monadelphous. : : ; 
Anther-sacs opening by slits. Oxalidaceae in Order GERANIALES. 
Anther-sacs opening by pores. 
Calyx and corolla very irregular. ... Order POLYGALALES. 
Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order ERICALES. 
Filaments distinct. à . oS : 
Styles wanting or very short: stigma sessile. Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES. 
Styles elongated. OM 
Ovary several-celled. Families in Order ERICALES. 
Ovary 1-celled. Armeriaceae in Order PRIMULALES. 
Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. i A 
Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twiceas many or more. 
Ovary 1-celled. ù 
Placentae central or basal. . Order PRIMULALES. 
Placentae parietal. Fouquieriaceae in Order HYPERICALES. 
Ovary several-celled. Lace E 
Upper portion of the ovaries distinct. Sedaceae in Order RosALEs. 
Upper portion of the ovaries united. Order EBENALES. 
Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, or fewer. 
Corolla not scarious, veiny : fruit various, but not a pyxis. 
Gynoecium of 3-6 carpels. t : 
Shrubs or trees: ovules and seeds few. Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES. 
Herbs, or creeping or tufted shrubby plants: ovules and seeds numerous. 
Stamens adnate up to the sinuses of the corolla: creeping evergreen under- 
shrubs. Diapensiaceae in Order ERICALES. 
Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube: vines. 
Families in Order POLEMONIALES. 
Gynoecium of 2 carpels. 
Carpels distinet, except sometimes at the apex. 
Style terminal. Order ASCLEPIADALES. 
Style basal. Dichondraceae in Order POLEMONIALES. 
Carpels united. 
Ovary 1-celled, with central placentae. Order GENTIANALES. 
Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with parietal placentae. 
Stamens 2 and opposite each other, or 3. Order OLEALES. 
Stamens usually 4 or 5, if 2 by reduction not opposite each other. 
Leaves with stipules or stipular lines at their bases. 
Í Spigeliaceae in Order GENTIANALES. 
_ Leaves with no traces of stipules. Order POLEMONIALES, 
Corolla scarious, veinless: fruit a pyxis. Order PLANTAGINALES. 
Ovary inferior. 
Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla, 
Stamens 10: anther-saes opening by terminal pores or chinks. 
2 Vacciniaceae in Order ERICALES. 
Stamens 5 or fewer: anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits. Order CAMPANULALES. 
Stamens adnate to the corolla. 
Ovary with 2-many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules: calyx unmodified, at least not 
a pappus. — : 
Plants tendril-bearing. Cucurbitaceae in Order CAMPANULALES. 
Plants not tendril-bearing. 
Ovules mostly on basal placentae : plants itic. Order SANTALALES. 
Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta : plants not parasitic. 
Ovary with one fertile cavity. eS ROM ME 
Ovules numerous on a basal placenta. Primulaceae in Order PRIMULALES. 
Ovule solitary, the placentae not basal. 
Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. Order VALERIANALES. 
Flowers in involucrate heads. Order CARDUALES. 
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