22 LYCOPODIACEAE 
above the middle and somewhat contracted near the base, those between the sporangial re- 
gions 6-7 mm. long, broadest at the base, entire or denticulate : sporanges reniform : bracts 
(sporophylls) 4-5 mm. long, denticulate or entire, acuminate. 
On sandstone cliffs, Wisconsin, Indiana, Kentucky and Alabama. 
3. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Prostrate portion of the stems 5-15 cm. long, 
rooting, thence usually forking 1-3 times, forming lax clusters 1-3 dm. tall. Leaves 
numerous, reflexed ; blades linear-spatulate, 8-11 mm. long, acute, erose-denticulate, 1 mm. 
wide at the base: bracts linear to lanceolate, 3.5-8.5 mm. long, sometimes denticulate : 
sporanges depressed-reniform. 
In cool woods and on damp slopes, Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to South Carolina, 
Tennessee and Iowa. 
4. Lycopodium Chapmánii Underw. Stems creeping or arching, about 3 mm. thick, 
18-40 cm. long, simple or occasionally pinnately branched. Leaves numerous ; blades 
lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, acuminate, curved upward, irregularly toothed, with the lower 
teeth often branched, or those of the fertile branches appressed, the lower with subulate 
teeth, upper entire : fertile branches 10-25 cm. long: cones 1.8-7 cm. long, or sometimes 
longer, about 3 mm. thick: bracts 5-6 mm. long, toothed just above the base, whence they 
are contracted into subulate tips: sporanges nearly globular. 
In sandy bogs, Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana. 
5. Lycopodium pinnàtum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw. Stems 20-30 cm. long, pin- 
nately branched, 1-2 mm. thick. Leaves numerous; blades thin, 8-9 mm. long, linear- 
lanceolate, curved, long-toothed, those of the upper side of the stem smaller, all slightly 
contracted at the base: fertile branches 25-40 cm. long, their numerous leaves narrower 
than the stem-leaves: cones 3-12 em. long, 5 mm. thick : bracts spreading, similar to the 
leaves of the fertile branches but more gradually tapering : sporanges nearly globular. 
In low sandy grounds, southern Georgia, Florida and Alabama. 
6. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Stems 5 dm. long, or even longer, arching, root- 
ing at the ends. Leaves numerous ; blades 5-7 mm. long, lanceolate, and spinulose on the 
sides of the stem, linear-lanceolate and long-toothed on the upper and lower sides of the 
stem, and with long hairs near the base on the lower side of the stem : fertile branches 
2-3 dm. tall, densely leafy, resembling the stem : cones 2-10.5 cm. long, 5 mm. thick: 
bracts 10-11 mm. long, becoming reflexed, similar to the leaves of the fertile branches but 
not hairy. 
In low pine lands, Long Island to Florida and Mississippi, usually within about 125 miles of the 
coast. Also in Brazil. 
7. Lycopodium Carolinianum L. Stems prostrate or creeping, 1-15 cm. long, l- 
1.5 mm. thick, pinnately branching. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds, the apparently lateral ones 
ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, falcate, recurved, acute, entire, with the midrib asymmetri- 
cally placed ; leaves of the upper side of the stem 3—4 mm. long, subulate above the broad 
base : fertile branches slender, 5-22 cm. tall, their leaves few, subulate, 2-3 mm. long, ap- 
pressed : cones 1-5 em. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick: bracts triangular, or somewhat constricted 
above the base, sometimes erose : sporanges compressed. 
In sandy bogs, New Jersey to Florida and Mississippi. Also in tropical America. 
8. Lycopodium obscürum L. Stems or branches arising from horizontal root- 
stocks, becoming bushy and 1-3 dm. tall. Leaves numerous, spreading and curved up- 
ward ; blades linear-lanceolate, mucronulate, in 8 rows below, in 6 rows above, twisted so 
as to lie in vertical planes: cones sessile: bracts broadly ovate, papery, erose, subulate- 
tipped : sporanges reniform. [L. dendroidewum Michx. ] 
E MURDER Alaska, south on the mountains to Georgia, and Montana. Alsoappar- 
9. Lycopodium cérnuum L. Stems procumbent or arching, 2-3.5 dm. long, some- 
what creeping, branching, often in various planes, the ultimate branches nodding and 
fertile. Leaves numerous, terete, subulate, 3-5 mm. long, spreading and upwardly curved : 
cones sessile, 5 mm. long: bracts ovate, acuminate, thin-fringed : sporanges minute, trans- 
versely flattened. 1 
In sandy soil or pine lands, Florida to southern Mississippi. Also in tropical regions. 
10. Lycopodium tristáchyum Pursh. Rootstocks horizontal; branches becoming 
erect, or decumbent, repeatedly forking to form several vertically placed flattened branch- 
lets 1.5-2 mm. wide. Leaves of branches appressed or incurved ; blades linear-subulate : 
fertile branches scape-like, 5-6 cm. tall, usually twice-forked : cones 2, 3 dr casually 4, 2-2.8 
cm. long: bracts ovate, abruptly subulate-tipped. [L. Chamaecyparissus A. Br.] 
In woods, Maine to Minnesota, south along the mountains to North Carolina. : 
11. Lycopodium complanàtum L. Rootstocks creeping: branches er 
forked to form several horizontally spreading branchlete LEZE iier dad Toe 
