28 PINACEAE 
nate aments 2.5—4 cm. long: cones 10-14 em. long, broadly conic when closed, ovoid when 
open, straight, each scale armed with a small straight spine : seed 6-8 mm. long, the wing 
2-2.5 cm. long. 
In sandy, usually low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. This species and the 
preceding furnish the turpentine of commerce. SLASH PINE. 
3. Pinus Taéda L. A tree reaching a height of 46 m. and a maximum trunk 
diameter of 1.5 m., the bark dark, very rough, deeply furrowed, exfoliating ın coarse 
plates. Leaves glaucous, 3 in a sheath, 15-28 cm. long : sheaths 15-20 mm. long: stami- 
nate aments 1.5-3 em. long : cones 10-13 em. long, narrowly conic when closed, cylindric 
or conic-cylindric when open, each scale with a thick appendage which projects little if 
at all beyond the small spine : seeds 6-7 mm. long, the wing usually about 2 em. long. 
In sandy or clay soil, Delaware and Arkansas to Floridaand Texas. LOBLOLLY or OLD-FIELD PINE. 
4. Pinus heterophylla (Ell.) Sudw. A tree becoming 35 m. tall, with a maximum 
trunk diameter of 1 m., the bark pale, thick, but not deeply furrowed. Leaves glaucous, 
2 or 3 in a sheath, 12-25 em. long: often stouter than'those of P. Taeda: sheaths 1.5-2. 
em. long: staminate aments 1.5-2.5 em. long: cones 9-14 em. long, narrowly conic when 
closed, cylindric or conic-cylindric when open, each scale with a thin appendage which pro- 
jects far beyond the slender spine: seeds 5—7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 cm. long. 
In swampy pine lands near the coast, South Carolina and Georgia. POND PINE. SLASH PINE. 
5. Pinus serótina Michx. A tree reaching a height of 25 m., with a maximum 
trunk diameter of 9 dm., the trunk clothed with a flaky bark and bearing many irregular 
short branches near the base. Leaves glaucous, 3 in a sheath, 15-25 cm. long, crowded: 
sheaths about 15 mm. long: staminate aments 1.5-2 cm. long : cones 4-6 cm. long, ovoid 
or globular-ovoid when closed, very broad when open, each scale with a thick appendage 
and a minute spine: seeds 3-4 mm. long, the wing nearly 2 cm. long. 
In sandy swamps, in the coastal plain, North Carolina to Florida. BLACK PINE. POND PINE. 
6. Pinus glabra Walt. A tree reaching a height of 40 m., with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 1.2 m., the trunk and branches clothed with a relatively smooth and close 
bark, and bearing spreading branches near the ground, except in the case of very old trees. 
Leaves glaucous, 2 in a sheath, very slender, 4-8 cm. long, numerous or somewhat crowded : 
sheaths 5-8 mm. long: staminate aments fully 1 cm. long: cones 3.5-5 cm. long, conic 
when closed, ovoid when open, the appendages bearing minute or almost obsolete spines, 
and often essentially unarmed : seeds about 4 mm. long, the wing usually 1.5 cm. long. 
In river swamps or hammocks, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. SPRUCE PINE. CEDAR 
PINE. WHITE PINE. WALTER’S PINE. 
7. Pinus echinata Mill. A tree reaching a height of 40 m., with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 1.35 m., the trunk clothed with a coarsely furrowed and very rough bark, with- 
out branches on the lower part, except in the case of young trees. Leaves deep green, 2 
in a sheath or sometimes three together, 8-12 cm. long, slender: sheaths 10-15 mm. long: 
staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. long: cones 5-6.5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when 
open, each appendage armed with a slender spine: seeds 4-5 mm. long, the wing 1.5-2 
em. long. [P. mitis Michx.] 
In sand or clay or on rocky banks, New York to Kansas, Florida and Texas. SHORT-LEAVED PINE. 
YELLOW-PINE. 
8. Pinus claüsa Chapm. A tree reaching a height of 24 m., with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 7.5 dm., the bark relatively smooth. Leaves deep green, 2 in a sheath, 4-8 
em. long, very slender, rather crowded : sheaths 5-7 mm. long : cones 4.5-6 em. long, conic 
when closed, ovoid when open, the appendages of the scales each armed with a stout spine 
at the middle or behind it: seeds 4 mm. long, the wings about 1.5 em. long. 
In sandy ridges near the coast, Florida and Alabama, SAND PINE. 
9. Pinus Virginiàna Mill. A tree reaching a height of 36 m., with a trunk diameter 
of 1 m., but often much smaller, the bark more or less flaky, the twigs glaucous. Leaves 
deep green, 2 in a sheath, 4-7 cm. long, rather stout: sheaths 5-8 mm. long: staminate 
aments 1-1.5 cm. long: cones 5-7 cm. long, narrowly conic when closed, ovoid when 
open, the appendages of the scales each armed with a curved spine: seeds 4-5 mm. long, 
the wing fully 1.5 em. long. | P. inops Ait.] 
In sandy soil or on stony ridges, Long Island to Indiana, Georgia and Alabama. SCRUB or JERSEY 
PINE. POVERTY PINE. 
10. Pinus rígida Mill. A tree reaching a height of 25 m., with a maximum trunk 
diameter of 9 dm., the bark very rough, the twigs yellow. Leaves bright green, 3 in a 
sheath, 6-12 cm. long, rather stout : sheaths 10-15 mm. long: staminate aments about 1.5 
em. long: cones 4-7 cm. long, ovoid when closed, globose-ovoid or depressed when open, 
the appendages of the scales relatively thin, each armed with a more or less recurved spine. 
In sandy or rocky soil, New Brunswick to the Lake Ontario region, Virginia and Kentucky and in 
the mountains to Georgia and Alabama. PITCH PINE. 
