30 JUNIPERACEAE 
2. Picea australis Small. A forest tree sometimes 35 or 40 m. tall, with a maximum 
trunk diameter of nearly 1.5 m. Bark relatively smooth : twigs slender, glabrous or merely 
pubescent in lines between the decurrent sterigmata: sterigmata glabrous: leaves slender, 
straight or slightly incurved, 8-14 mm. long, barely 1 mm. thick, acute, bright green: 
cones oblong, oval or ovoid, rarely 2.5 cm. long, deciduous. [P. alba Chapm., not Link.] 
On dry mountain slopes or summits, or about ledges of rock, Virginia and North Carolina. 
5. TSUGA Carr. 
Stately monoecious evergreen trees, with spreading or somewhat declining branches 
and a brittle wood. Leaves apparently 2-ranked : blades flat, linear, glaucous beneath, 
articulated at the base of the petiole. Staminate aments on slender stalks arising from the 
axils of the leaves of the preceding year. Pollen-sacs subglobose, confluent, opening trans- 
versely. Pollen-grains 2-lobed or discoid.  Pistillate aments solitary and terminal on the 
branchlets of the preceding year: scales in few series: bracts membranous, inconspicuous. 
Cones elongated, drooping, maturing the first year: scales at length loose or spreading, 
persistent. Seeds samara-like, each with a delicately striate wing. 
Twigs tomentose with long hairs: cones narrowly ovoid, 1.8-2.3 cm. long: scales nearly erect. s 
1. T. Canadensis. 
Twigs tomentose with short hairs, or glabrate: cones cylindric-oblong, 3 em. long: : 
scales spreading at right angles. 2. T. Caroliniana. 
1. Tsuga Canadénsis (L.) Carr. A forest tree reaching a height of 31 m., with a 
maximum trunk diameter of 1.2 m., clothed with a thin bark which exfoliates in scales. 
Branches lax, somewhat declining: leaves 6-14 mm. long; blades linear, obtuse, slightly 
revolute, glabrous, shining, with a furrow along the midrib above, glaucous beneath : twigs 
reddish, tomentose with long hairs : staminate aments subglobose, 2 mm. in diameter: cones 
narrowly ovoid, 1.8-2.3 em. long; scales suborbicular, thinnish, nearly erect, the tips 
slightly revolute : seeds oblong, 4 mm. long, oblique at the ends; wings 1 cm. long or shorter. 
On rocky banks, in woods and ravines, Nova Scotia to Quebec and Wisconsin, south to Delaware, 
ane on ie Alleghenies or in their vicinity to northern Georgia and Alabama. Spring. HEMLOCK. 
PRUCE PINE. 
2. Tsuga Caroliniàna Engelm. A tree rarely reaching a height of 25 m. and a 
maximum trunk diameter of 1 m., the bark rather smooth. Branches bristly, spreading 
horizontally : leaves 1.2-2 cm. long ; blades linear, obtuse or notched at the apex, glabrous 
and shining above, glaucous beneath, somewhat revolute : twigs tomentose with short hairs 
or glabrate: staminate aments ovoid, 3 mm. long: cones cylindric-ovoid, 3 cm. long; 
scales oblong or nearly so, thinnish, at length spreading at right angles, the tips slightly 
involute : seeds ovoid, 4 mm. long, covered with resinous glands ; wings 1.2-1.5 cm. long. 
_ In ravines and on rocky mountain slopes from southwestern Virginia to northeastern Georgia. 
Spring. HEMLOCK. CRAG HEMLOCK. CAROLINA HEMLOCK. 
6. ABIES Mill. 
Small or medium sized monoecious evergreen trees, with spreading or somewhat droop- 
ing branches and soft but compact wood. Leaves sometimes apparently 2-ranked, narrow, 
flattish or strongly keeled and glaucous beneath, leaving no prominent points of attach- 
ment in falling away. Staminate aments arising from the axils of the leaves of the preced- 
ing year, solitary, subtended by imbricated bracts. Pollen-sacs loosely disposed, opening 
transversely or nearly so. Pistillate aments lateral, elongated, erect: scales densely im- 
bricated ; bracts membranous, conspicuous, deciddous at maturity. Cones maturing the 
first year, cylindric, erect: scales spreading at right angles. Seeds samara-like. 
1. Abies Praseri (Pursh) Lind]. A tree reaching a height of 25 m., with balsam- 
yielding blisters on the trunk. Leaves curved ; blades linear, 1-2 cm. long, flattish, rather 
thick, slightly keeled beneath, obtuse or notched at the apex, smooth and shining above, 
glaucous beneath, sessile: twigs pubescent : staminate aments 5-8 mm. long, nearly sessile : 
cones cylindric, 4-5 cm. long, rounded at each end, their scales fan-shaped, compactly 
arranged ; bracts suborbicular, surpassing the scales, reflexed, erose and apiculate : seeds 
4-5 mm. long, each with a short wing which is nearly as broad as long. 
On mountain peaks, southern Virginia to Tennessee and North Crolina. Spring. FIR. SILVER 
Fir. SHE BALSAM. LASH HORN. 
FAMILY 2. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. JUNIPER FAMILY. 
Usually evergreen dioecious or monoecious trees or shrubs, commonly conic 
in outline. Buds naked. Leaves opposite or whorled, mostly reduced to ap- 
