32 JUNIPERACEAE 
5-7 mm. long, sharp-pointed, those of the twigs of two forms, one set opposite, flat, acute, 
the other boat-shaped, overlapping the edges of the flat ones: staminate aments in depres- 
sions, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter: cones oblong, 1-1.3 cm. long, brown, drooping ; scales ovate 
or oblong, obtuse, with a gland at the apex, at length loose and spreading : seeds elliptic, 5 
mm. long, narrowed at each end; wing 6-7 mm. long, notched at each end. 
In swamps and on rocky banks, New Brunswick to Lake Winnipeg, south to Pennsylvania and in 
the Alleghenies to North Carolina and Tennessee. Spring. ARBOR VITAE. WHITE CEDAR. 
3. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 
Evergreen monoecious strong-scented trees, with 2-ranked branchlets. Leaves imbri- 
cated, scale-like, or sometimes subulate on twigs, opposite, 4-ranked, each with a gland 
on the back. Staminate aments terminal, sessile or nearly so. Anthers 2-4-celled, in the 
side of a shield-like scale. Pistillate aments terminal, globose, of several series of opposite 
scales. Ovules erect, 1-4 at the constricted base of each scale, bottle-shaped. Cones glo- 
bose, woody : scales more or less angled, thick, with points or knobs on the back. Seeds 
angled or slightly winged. 
1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. A small or medium-sized strong-scented 
tree, reaching a height of 27 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 1.2 m., producing soft 
light but compact and durable wood. Leaves scale-like, 1-2 mm. long, 4-ranked, imbri- 
cated, covering the branchlets, acute, the lateral keeled, the vertical merely convex ; those of 
twigs subulate: staminate aments 2-3 mm. long, slightly broadened upward: pistillate 
aments about 2 mm. in diameter, glaucous, their scales with hyaline appendages: cones 
globose, somewhat angled, 5-7 mm. in diameter ; scales at length widely spreading, pointed 
on the back: seeds narrowly winged. [Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Bn 
. In swamps and sandy places, mostly near the coast, southern Maine to Florida and Mississippi. 
Spring. WHITE CEDAR. CYPRESS. 
4. JUNIPERUS L. 
Evergreen dioecious or monoecious shrubs or trees, with decumbent or erect stems. 
Leaves in whorls of 3, subulate, neither appressed nor imbricated, without glands on the 
back, jointed at the base. Staminate aments axillary, solitary. Pollen-sacs several under 
each scale. Pistillate aments of 2-3 rows of fleshy scales. Ovules usually solitary, erect. 
Cone berry-like by the accrescent scales of the pistillate aments. Seeds 1 or several, enclosed 
in the cones, wingless. 
A depressed shrub, with creeping branches: leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channeled, rather 
abruptly pointed. 1. J. Sibirica. 
A tree or an erect shrub: leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channeled, gradually acuminate. 
2. J. communis. 
1. Juniperus Sibirica Burgsd. A depressed radially spreading shrub, with creeping 
branches, forming extensive patches, seldom rising over 5 dm. above the ground. Leaves 
stout, mostly 8-12 mm. long, abruptly curved at the base, appressed or erect-ascending, 
densely crowded, abruptly pointed : cones subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter. 
In dry or stony soil, Labrador to Alaska and in the Appalachian Mountains to North Carolina and 
Tennessee, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and Utah. Also in Europe and Asia. Spring. 
. 2. Juniperus comminis L. An erect shrub or a narrowly conic tree, attaining a 
height of 8 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 0.5 m. Leaves 1-2 cm. long ; blades 
narrowly linear, sometimes gradually narrowed upward into a very sharp point, somewhat 
concave and glaucous above, keeled beneath, sessile, usually spreading : staminate aments 
oblong, 4-5 mm. long, sessile: pistillate aments narrowly ovoid, glaucous: cones globose, 
6-8 mm. in diameter, dark blue, covered with a bloom : seeds ovoid, about 3 mm. long, 
more or less flattened, 3-angled below the apex, roughened. 
On dry rocky hills, Labrador to the Rocky Mountains, southward to Georgia and New Mexico. 
Also in Europe and Asia. Spring. JUNIPER. 
5. SABINA Haller. 
Evergreen strong-scented monoecious or dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 
scale-like, each with a gland on the back, appressed and imbricated at maturity, opposite, 
sometimes connate at the base, or sometimes subulate on the twigs. Staminate aments very 
small, solitary or 3-6 together, terminal on the branchlets. Pollen-sacs 3-6 under each 
ovate or shield-like scale. Pistillate aments subglobose, composed of 2-3 rows of fleshy 
