TAXACEAE 33 
scales. Ovules erect, 1 or sometimes 2 under each scale. Cone berry-like by the acrescent 
fleshy scales, which enclose the seeds. Seed 1-4, wingless. 
Cones 3-6 mm. long: seeds 2-4 mm. long, smooth. 
Staminate aments 4-5 mm. long: cones 5-6 mm. long. l. S. Virginiana. 
Staminate aments 3-4 mm. long: cones 3-4 mm. long. 2. S. Barbadensis. 
Cones 8-10 mm. long: seeds 6-8 mm. long, ribbed. 3. S. sabinoides. 
1. Sabina Virginiàna (L.) Antoine. A shrub-like or conic tree, reaching a height 
of 30 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 1.5 m., clothed with a shreddy bark, and with 
a durable red heart-wood. Leaves often of 2 forms, those on the twigs awl-shaped, spread- 
ing, about 1 em. long, but normally scale-like, appressed, acute, opposite and 4-ranked, or 
in whorls of 3, 1-4 mm. long, with a gland on the back : staminate aments oblong, 3-4 mm. 
long, numerous: cones ovoid, 5-6 mm. in diameter, blue, covered with a bloom: seeds 
ovoid, flattened, 3-4 mm. long, smooth, shining. [Juniperus Virginiana L.] 
On dry hills and in swamps throughout the United States and southern British America. Spring. 
Fruit ripe in fall. RED CEDAR. SAVIN. 
2. Sabina Barbadénsis (L.) Small. A shrub or tree similar in habit to S. Virginiana, 
but with shorter and rather thicker leaves, the relatively blunt apex closely appressed. 
Staminate aments 4-5 mm. long: berry-like cones ovoid or oval-ovoid, 3-4 mm. long. 
[Juniperus Barbadensis L.] 
In sandy or clay soil, Florida to Texas, along or near the coast. Spring. Also in the West Indies. 
3. Sabina sabinoides (H.B.K.) Small. A shrub or small tree, reaching a height 
of 15 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 3 dm., clothed with a shreddy bark and pos- 
sessing a brown wood. Leaves scale-like, appressed, imbricated, 1-2 mm. long, opposite, 
or four-ranked, obtuse, minutely fringed: staminate aments oblong, about 4 mm. long: 
pistillate aments 2-3 mm. long, with very large spreading terminal scales: cones subglo- 
bose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, covered with a bloom : seeds ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, flattened, 
1-4 in a cone, ribbed. [Juniperus sabinoides (H.B.K. ) Sargent.] 
On hillsides, mostly in limestone soil, Texas and Mexico. Winter and spring. MOUNTAIN CEDAR. 
FAMILY 3. TAXACEAE Lindl. Yew FAMILY. 
Evergreen monoecious or dioecious shrubs or trees, mostly destitute of resin, 
with scaly buds. Leaves spirally disposed but usually spreading as if 2-ranked : 
blades simple, entire, rigid. Aments axillary or terminal; staminate small, 
naked or subtended by imbricated bracts. Pollen-sacs under variously shaped 
scales, opening longitudinally.  Pistillate flowers solitary, or one only maturing, 
consisting of an orthotropous ovule; this sessile, without a carpellary scale. 
Fruit berry-like, erect, nearly enclosed in the accrescent pulpy aril, or naked. 
Testa bony or woody. Endosperm fleshy or mealy, sometimes channeled. 
Cotyledons 2. 
Pistillate flowers 2 together: pollen-sacs 2: fruit naked : endosperm channeled. 1. TUMION. 
Pistillate flowers solitary: pollen-sacs 6-8: fruit surrounded by an aril: endosperm even. 2. TAXUS. 
1. TUMION Raf. 
Medium-sized dioecious conic evergreen trees, with a light but hard and compact 
wood. Branches whorled : branchlets 2-ranked. Leaves spreading as if 2-ranked : blades 
linear, flat. Staminate aments often crowded, each arising from a set of imbricated bracts, 
sessile in the axils of the leaves. Pollen-sacs 2 under each scale. Pistillate aments soli- 
tary, erect, consisting of 2 ovules, these sessile in a set of persistent bracts. Seeds berry- 
like, elongated, witha fleshy pericarp. [Torreya Arn., not Raf.] 
1. Tumion taxifdlium (Arn.) Greene. A low or medium-sized tree, reaching a 
height of 18 m., with a maximum trunk diameter of 0.9 m., when bruised exhaling a dis- 
agreeable odor. Twigs puberulent: leaf-blades linear, 1.5-3 cm. long, slightly narrowed 
upward, tipped by a hard sharp point, somewhat revolute, longitudinally wrinkled beneath, 
short-petioled : staminate aments subglobose, 5-7 mm. in diameter, yellow, often crowded, 
subtended by broadly ovate keeled scales: seed globose-oblong or somewhat obovoid, 3-4 
em. long, smooth, glaucous. [Torreya taxifolia Arn. ] 
Along the Apalachicola River, western Florida. Rare and local. Spring. STINKING CEDAR. 
2. TÁXUS L. 
Low often diffuse dioecious or rarely monoecious evergreen trees, or shrubs. Leaves 
spreading as if 2-ranked: blades flat, usually pointed, often scythe-shaped. Staminate 
