SPARGANIACEAE 35 
1. TYPHA L. 
Characters of the family. CAT-TAIL. REED MACE. 
Spikes with pistillate and staminate portions separated ; pistillate with bractlets; stigmas linear: pol- 
len of simple grains. 
Hairs accompanying the pistillate flowers not thickened at the apex. 1. T. angustifolia. 
Hairs accompanying the pistillate flowers with club-shaped tips. 2. T. Domingensis. 
Spikes with pistillate and staminate portions contiguous : pistillate without bract- 
lets: stigmas club-shaped or rhomboidal: pollen grains in 4's. 3. T. latifolia. 
1. Typha angustifolia L. Stems 1.5-3 m. tall, slender, not jointed: leaf-blades 
narrowly linear, 5-15 mm. wide, finely striate-ridged : spikes light brown, 1-4 dm. long ; 
pistillate portion with bractlets, 0.5-1.5 em. thick ; staminate part separated from the pis- 
tillate : stigmas linear or oblong-linear: pollen-grains simple : nutlets terete, not bursting 
in water: outer coat of seeds not separable from the inner. 
In marshes, chiefly along the coast, Nova Scotia to Florida. Summer. Also in Europe and Asia. 
2. Typha Domingénsis Pers. Similar to T. angustifolia, but larger. Leaf-blades flat 
or nearly so, the lower ones often 2 em. broad : spikes 4-6 dm. long, the pistillate portion 
10-20 mm. thick: hairs accompanying the pistillate flowers, or most of them, with mani- 
fest club-shaped tips. 
3 "x marshes or low grounds, Florida, Texas and California. Also in tropical America. Summer 
and fall. 
3. Typha latifólia L. Stems 1-2.5 m. tall, stout, not jointed: leaf-blades linear, 
10-25 mm. wide, contracting much in drying: spikes dark brown or black, 1.5-6 dm. 
long ; pistillate portion destitute of bractlets, 2.5-3 cm. thick ; staminate part contiguous 
with the pistillate: stigmas spatulate or rhomboidal: pollen-grains in 4's: nutlets fur- 
rowed, bursting in water: outer coat of the seeds separating from inner. 
In marshes nearly throughout North America. Summer and fall. Also in Asia and Europe. 
FAMILY 2. SPARGANIACEAE Agardh. BuR-REED FAMILY. 
Perennial marsh or aquatic herbs, with horizontal rootstocks. Stems erect 
or floating. Leaves alternate: blades sheathing at the base, narrow. Flowers 
monoecious, in dense heads on the upper part of the stem and its branches. 
Heads globose, sessile or peduncled ; staminate uppermost. Spathes bract-like, 
sometimes remote from the head or its peduncle. Perianth of several (3-6) 
scales. Stamens mostly 5. Filaments distinct. Anthers oblong, or cuneate. 
Ovary 1-2-celled. Stigmas slender. Ovules anatropous. Fruit nut-like. 
Endosperm copious, surrounding the straight embryo. 
1. SPARGANIUM L. 
Characters of the family. Bun-REED. The plants flower in spring and summer. 
Nutlets stalked, fusiform. ; 
Upper leaves with neither sac-like bases nor hyaline margins: achenes abruptly 
narrowed into the slender style. 1. S. androcladum. 
Upper leaves with sac-like bases and hyaline margins: achenes gradually nar- : 
rowed into the conspicuous styles. 2. S. Americanum. 
Nutlets sessile, obovoid or cuneate. 8. S. eurycarpum. 
l. Sparganium andrócladum (Engelm.) Morong. Foliage glabrous or nearly so. 
Stems 2-7 dm. tall, more or less branched : leaf-blades linear, attenuate, sometimes quite 
numerous: staminate heads usually less than 1 cm. thick: pistillate heads 3-7, sessile or 
duncled : bractlets broadest at the eroded apex, as long as the nutlets or shorter : fruiting 
eads globose, 1-2 cm. in diameter : nutlets fusiform, more or less constricted at the middle, 
4-6 mm. long, each abruptly narrowed into a slender style. [.S. simplex Chapm., not Huds. ] 
In swamps or shallow water, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, Florida and Louisiana. 
2. Sparganium Americànum Nutt. Similar to S. androcladum, but the stem simple, 
the lower heads of the inflorescence merely peduncled. Leaves drying green, the upper 
with more or less sac-like bases and broad hyaline-scarious margins : nutlets slightly angled, 
each gradually narrowed into a stout conspicuous style. 
In low grounds or ponds, Ontario to British Columbia, Pennsylvania, and the Indian Territory. 
3. Sparganium eurycárpum Engelm. Foliage glabrous. Stems 8-20 dm. tall, 
branched : leaf-blades linear, attenuate, flat or slightly keeled beneath, the lower ones 9-15 
dm. long, the upper shorter : staminate heads about 1 em. thick: pistillate heads several, 
