POACEAE 103 
em. long, 7-15 mm. wide, sparsely ciliate at the base : panicle 4-6 em. long, its branches 
ascending : spikelets elliptic, about 3 mm. long and 1.3 mm. wide, very acute, strongly 
pubescent with spreading hairs. : 
In hammock land, southern peninsular Florida. Summer. 
lll. Panicum commutàtum R. & S. Stems tufted, glabrous, erect, 3-6 dm. tall, 
finally rather sparingly branched : leaves 3 or 4; sheaths glabrous, ciliate on the margin ; 
blades ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, cordate and clasping at the base, those on 
the stem larger than the basal ones, 5-12 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, ovate-lanceolate : panicle 
5-10 em. long, broadly ovoid, its branches spreading or ascending: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. 
long and about 1 mm. wide, elliptic, obtuse or acutish, pubescent. 
In dry plaees, New York to Tennessee, Missouri, Florida and Texas. Summer. 
112. Panicum mutábile Scribn. & Smith. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, tufted, glabrous, at 
first erect, finally prostrate and much branched : leaves 3 or 4 ; sheaths glabrous, excepting 
the ciliate margin ; blades glabrous, cordate and clasping at the base, ovate-lanceolate, the 
basal ones larger than those on the stem and conspicuously ciliate with long hairs, the 
stem-leaves with blades 6-12 cm. long and usually 1-2 em. wide: panicle 1-1.5 dm. long, 
broadly ovoid, its branches ascending: spikelets about 3 mm. long and 1-1.2 mm. wide, 
pubescent. 
In sandy soil, North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 
113. Panicum Joórii Vasey. Stems tufted, glabrous, at first erect, finally prostrate 
and much branched : leaves 3 or 4 ; sheaths glabrous, excepting the ciliate margin ; blades 
ovate-lanceolate, cordate and clasping at the base, glabrous, those on the stem, which are 
smaller than the basal ones, 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 em. wide: panicle 6-10 cm. long, ovoid, 
its branches ascending : spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long and 1-1.2 mm. wide, obtuse or sometimes 
aeutish, pubescent. 
In sandy soil, Florida to Louisiana. Spring to fall. 
114. Panicum clandestinum L. Stems tufted, 6-14 dm. tall, glabrous, or some- 
times papillose-hirsute below, finally much branched, the branches clothed with the densely 
papillose-hispid overlapping leaf-sheaths : primary leaves usually 5-7, their sheaths shorter 
than the internodes, ciliate on the exterior margin, at least the lower ones strongly papillose- 
hispid with spreading hairs; blades spreading or ascending, glabrous on both surfaces, 
ciliate at the cordate and clasping base, the primary ones 1-2 dm. long, 1.5-2.5 em. wide, 
acuminate, lanceolate, those on the branches ovate-lanceolate and usually less than 1 dm. 
long: primary panicle long-exserted, 9-12 cm. long, rarely larger, broadly ovate, its 
branches ascending, the later panicles wholly or partially concealed in the sheaths : spike- 
lets 2.7-3 mm. long and about 1.3 mm. wide, elliptic, pubescent with spreading hairs. 
In moist or wet places, Rhode Island and southern New York to Florida. Summer and fall. 
115. Panicum malacophyllum Nash. A perennial with the stems and sheaths 
papillose-hirsute with long spreading hairs and the nodes barbed. Stems 3-4 dm. tall, finally 
somewhat branched above : leaves 4 or5 ; sheaths about 3 as long as the internodes ; blades 
ascending, lanceolate, softly pubescent on both surfaces, 5-7 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide : 
panicle 4—5 em. long, its axis and spreading branches densely hirsute with spreading hairs : 
spikelets 3 mm. long and about 1.5 mm. wide, broadly oval or obovoid, densely hirsute with 
long spreading hairs. 
In dry soil, Tennessee and the Indian Territory. Spring. 
116. Panicum pernervòsum Nash. A glabrous perennial. Stems 3-5 dm. tall, 
finally branched : leaves 3 or 4; sheaths ciliate on the exterior margin ; blades erect or 
ascending, narrowed toward the base, the larger ones 5-10 cm. long, 5-9 mm. wide, ciliate 
toward the base with a few long hairs, the lower ones usually pubescent on the lower sur- 
face, ciliate for 3 their length : panicle 7-12 cm. long, its branches ascending : spikelets 3 
mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide, broadly oval, turgid, glabrous. 
In woods, eastern Texas. Spring. 
. 117. Panicum oligosánthes Schult. Stems tufted, erect, 3-8 dm. tall, villous, 
finally fasciculately branched : leaves 4 or 5; sheaths, at least the lower ones and those on 
the branches, papillose-hispid, ciliate on the margin ; blades erect or ascending, 5-10 cm. 
long, 5-10 mm. wide, lanceolate, softly and densely pubescent on the lower surface, the 
upper surface glabrous, or with a few long hairs at the base: primary panicle 6-8 cm. long, 
its branches ascending : spikelets about 3.5 mm. long and 1.7 mm. broad, oval, pubescent. 
[ P. pauciflorum Ell., not R. Br. ] 
In dry soil, Virginia to Georgia and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 
118. Panicum Scribnerianum Nash. Stems tufted, erect, 1.5-6 dm. tall, simple, 
finally dichotomously branched above, sparingly pubescent or glabrous : leaf-sheaths 
strongly papillose-hispid ; blades 5-10 em. long, 6-12 mm. wide, spreading, glabrous: 
