104 POACEAE 
primary panicle ovoid, 4-8 em. long, its branches spreading : spikelets turgid, obovoid, 
about 3 mm. long, glabrous, or sometimes pubescent with short spreading hairs. 
In dry soil, Vermont, Massachusetts and New Jersey to Minnesota, British Columbia, Missouri, the 
Indian Territory and Arizona. Spring and summer. 
119. Panicum Ravenélii Scribn. & Mer. Stems tufted, erect, 4-6 dm. tall, finally 
branched, papillose-hirsute below with ascending hairs, the pubescence above softer : 
leaves 3 or 4; sheaths densely papillose-hirsute with ascending hairs; blades erect or 
ascending, glabrous above, densely and softly pubescent below, broadly lanceolate, 8-12 
cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, cordate at the clasping base: panicle 8-10 em. long, its branches 
ascending : spikelets about 4 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide, obovoid, pubescent with rather 
weak hairs. [ P. scoparium Ell., not Lam. ] 
In woods, Distriet of Columbia to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 
120. Panicum macrocárpon Le Conte. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, erect, simple, or some- 
what branched above, the nodes, at least the upper ones, naked: leaf-sheaths glabrous, 
ciliate; blades 7-18 em. long, 2-4 cm. wide, cordate-clasping at the base, acuminate, 
glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate : panicle 8-15 em. long, usually long-exserted, rarely in- 
cluded, its branches more or less ascending : spikelets 3-4 mm. long, turgid, oval to obo- 
void, pubescent. 
In woods or on dry hillsides, New Hampshire to North Carolina, Iowa and Kansas. Summer. 
121. Panicum Porterianum Nash. Stems tufted, erect, the upper part, including 
the panicle axis, and sometimes also the lower portion, pubescent with short hairs, or 
sometimes glabrous, finally branching, the nodes densely barbed with long spreading hairs : 
leaves 4-6 ; sheaths ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes the lower ones 
softly pubescent ; blades ovate-lanceolate, cordate and clasping at the base, paler on the 
lower surface, glabrous, or the upper surface sometimes sparsely pubescent, 6-12 cm. long, 
the larger ones 2-4 cm. wide: panicle 6-12 cm. long, its branches ascending : spikelets 
4-6 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the scales distant, pubescent with long weak hairs. [P. 
latifolium Chapm., in part, not L.] 
In rocky woods, New York to Florida and Texas. Summer. 
122. Panicum pubifólium Nash. A softly pubescent densely tufted perennial. Stems 
3~7 dm. tall, pubescent with soft weak spreading hairs, finally branched, the nodes densely 
barbed with long hairs: leaves 3-5 ; sheaths ciliáte on the margins, densely pubescent, at 
least all but the uppermost, with spreading weak usually long hairs ; blades spreading or 
ascending, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, gradually narrowed to the rounded cordate- 
clasping base, pubescent on both surfaces with short spreading hairs, the upper primary 
blades 7-11 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad, the lower smaller: primary panicle usually but 
little exserted, sometimes included at the base, 7-11 cm. long, its axis, as well as the 
branches, densely pubescent with short soft spreading hairs, the branches spreading or 
ascending : spikelets 4-5 mm. long and about 1.6 mm. broad, narrowly obovoid, the scales 
distant, strongly pubescent with long spreading hairs. [P. latifolium Chapm., in part, not L. ] 
In rocky woods, New York to Missouri, Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 
123. Panicum latifdlium L. An intricately much branched shrub, sometimes 2-3 
m. tall. Leaves crowded and numerous ; sheaths overlapping, ciliate on the margin ; 
blades spreading or ascending, glabrous, acuminate, the larger ones 8-10 cm. long, 13-35 
mm. wide, those on the ultimate divisions considerably smaller: panicle 1 dm. long or 
less, its branches spreading or ascending : spikelets turgid, 4-5 mm. long, the scales tipped 
with woolly hairs, the first scale very broad, clasping the base of the spikelet. [P. divari- 
catum L.] 
In dry soil, southern peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. SMALL CANE. 
32. PHANOPYRUM Nash. 
Tall grasses with long flat linear or lanceolate leaf-blades which are cordate and clasp- 
ing at the base, and ample panicles with the spikelets arranged in pairs or in short branchlets 
on one side of its branches. Spikelets on rather short pedicels, acuminate ; scales 4, 
acuminate, strongly nerved, the first scale 3 as long as the spikelet or more, a little shorter 
than or equalling the third, the second scale considerably exceeding the third, the fourth 
scale less than 3 as long as the spikelet, chartaceous, indurated in fruit. Stamens 3. 
Styles long and slender, free to the base. Stigmas plumose. 
1. Phanopyrum gymnocàrpon (Ell) Nash. A glabrous perennial. Stems leafy, 
6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades 4 dm. long or less, 1-4 cm. wide: panicle 1-2 dm. long, its 
branches long and ascending : spikelets 5-6 mm. long. [Panicum gymnocarpon EM. ] 
In moist places, Georgia and Florida to Texas. Summer and fall. 
