POACEAE 125 
involute on the margins and at the summit: panicle 2.5-8 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, dense 
and spike-like : spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long. 
On sandy shores, Virginia to Florida and Texas. Also in tropical America. Summer and fall. 
60. EPICAMPES Presl. 
Tall perennial grasses, with usually stout stems, flat leaf-blades, and contracted dense 
panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered ; empty scales about equal, very nearly as long as to some- 
what exceeding the thinner flowering scale which is frequently awned, the awn inserted 
just below the apex. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, short. Stigmas plumose. 
1. Epicampes ligulata Scribn. Stems 8-12 dm. tall, stout: ligule pronounced, 1-2 
cm. long ; blades 5 dm. long or less, 3-5 mm. wide, usually folded: panicle 2.5-4 dm. 
long, 1.5-3 em. wide: spikelets about 2.5 mm. long. 
In dry soil, central Texas to Arizona. Also in Mexico. Summer and fall. 
61. POLYPOGON Desf. 
Annual or perennial grasses, with usually decumbent or rarely erect stems, flat leaf- 
blades, and terminal panicles, generally very dense, which are cylindric and spike-like, or 
sometimes broader and more lax. Spikelets articulated below the empty scales, crowded, 
— l-lowered. Scales 3, the 2 outer empty, about equal in length, each terminating in an 
erect slender awn, the third scale smaller, thinner, often hyaline, enclosing a smaller palet 
and a perfect flower, entire, emarginate, or 2-toothed, awned or awn-pointed, when entire 
the awn terminal, otherwise dorsal, the awn slender, either long with a twisted base and 
geniculate at the middle, or short and erect, sometimes reduced to a mere point. Stamens 
1-3. Styles short, distinct. Stigmas plumose. BEARD GRASS. 
Panicle silky : awn of the empty scales of the spikelet 2-3 times as long as the 
scale. s 1. P. Monspeliensis. 
Panicle dull, often interrupted : awn of the empty scales of thespikelet about as 
long as the scale. 2. P. littoralis. 
1. Polypogon Monspeliénsis (L.) Desf. Stems 6 dm. tall or less, erect, from a 
usually decumbent base: leaf-blades 4-15 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, rough: panicle 2-10 
em. long, dense and spike-like: spikelets crowded, the empty scales about 2 mm. long, 
obtuse, slightly bifid, rough, bearing a bent awn 4-6 mm. long, the flowering scale much 
shorter, erose-truncate, hyaline, bearing a delicate awn about 0.5 mm. long, inserted below 
the apex. 
In waste places, New Hampshire to South Carolina, and very common in western North America 
from British Columbia to Mexico. Naturalized from Europe. Summer and fall. 
2. Polypogon littoralis Sm. Stems tufted, 1.5-9 dm. tall, erect: leaf-blades erect, 
1.5 dm. long or less, 3-8 mm. wide: panicle 3-15 em. long, 6-40 mm. wide: spikelets, 
exclusive of the awns, about 2 mm. long. 
In wet places, Louisiana; and from British Columbia to California. Naturalized from the Old 
World. Summer. 
62. CINNA L. 
Tall perennial grasses, with flat leaf-blades and long terminal contracted or open pan- 
icles, often nodding, its branches slender and usually drooping. Spikelets numerous, flat- 
tened, 1-flowered, the rachilla articulated below the empty scales. Scales 3, the 2 outer 
empty, persistent, keeled, acute, the third one similar in texture, stalked, bearing just 
below the somewhat obtuse apex a short awn or awn-like point, the scale enclosing a 
slightly smaller 1-nerved keeled palet, the keel minutely ciliate, and a perfect flower. 
Stamen 1. Styles short, distinct. Stigmas plumose. REED Grass. 
Panicle contracted at maturity, its filiform branches erect, often drooping: spike- 
lets 4-5 mm. long, the first scale much shorter than the second. 1. C arundinacea. 
Panicle open; its capillary branches flexuous and drooping: spikelets 3 mm. long, 
the first seale about equalling the second. 2. C. latifolia. 
1. Cinna arundinacea L. Stems 6-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1.5-3 dm. long, 4-14 
mm. wide, rough : panicle 1.5-3 dm. long, usually contracted, sometimes purple : scales 
of the spikelet acute, rough, the flowering scale slightly exceeded or equalled by the second, 
usually bearing an awn about 0.5 mm. long from the 2-toothed apex. 
In moist woods and swamps, Newfoundland to the North west Territory, North Carolina, Louisiana, 
Missouri and Texas. Summer and fall. 
2. Cinna latifdlia ( Trev.) Griseb. Stems 6-12 dm. tall : leaf-blades 1-2.5 dm. long, 
4-12 mm. wide, rough : panicle 1-2.5 dm. long, the capillary branches generally spreading 
