CYPERACEAE 161 
shorter than the scale, prominently 2-keeled.  Lodicules 3. Stamens 3. Styles 2 or 3, 
somewhat united at the base. Stigmas long, loosely plumose. 
Spikelets borne on radical shoots of the year: stems 4 m. tall or less. 1. A. tecta. 
Spikelets borne on the old stems which are 5 m. tall or more. 2. A. macrosperma , 
1. Arundinaria técta (Walt.) Muhl. Stems 1-4 m. tall, erect, shrubby, branching 
at the summit : leaf-sheaths smooth or rough, ciliate on the margin ; ligule bristly ; blades 
lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, 8-24 mm. wide, flat, more or less pubescent beneath, glabrous 
above: inflorescence borne on short leafless stems : spikelets 7-10-flowered, 2.5-4 cm. long, 
on pedicels 2.5 cm. long or less, the first scale sometimes wanting, the flowering scales 1-2 
em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous or pubescent. 
In swamps and moist soil, Maryland to Indiana, Missouri, Florida and Texas. Spring and sum- 
mer. This and the following species flower only at intervals of several or many years. REED. 
2. Arundinaria macrospérma Michx. Stems woody, 5-9 m. tall, finally branched 
above : leaf-sheaths ciliate on the margin ; blades lanceolate, 3 dm. long or less, the larger 
2-3 em. wide, those on the ultimate divisions smaller and crowded at the summit of the 
branches: spikelets 3.5-6 cm. long, on slender more or less leafy branches, the flowering 
scales glabrous and pubescent, acuminate. 
Along river banks and swamps, forming ‘‘ cane brakes," Virginia to Florida and Louisiana, and 
along the Mississippi River and its tributaries as far north as Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. Spring 
and summer, CANE. CANE REED. 
FAMILY 2. CYPERACEAE J. Sr. Hit.! SEDGE FAMILY. 
Grass-like or rush-like caulescent or scapose herbs, many species perennial 
by long rootstocks. Stems or scapes (culms) slender, solid or rarely hollow, tri- 
angular, quadrangular, terete or flattened. Leaves 3-ranked, with closed 
sheaths: blades narrow. Flowers perfect or imperfect, arranged in spikelets, 
one (rarely 2) in the axil of each scale (glume, bract), the spikelets solitary or 
clustered, 1-many-flowered. Scales 2-ranked or spirally imbricated, persistent 
or deciduous. Perianth hypogynous, composed of bristles, or scale-like parts, 
rarely calyx-like, or entirely wanting. Androecium of 1-3 stamens, or rarely 
more. Filaments slender or filiform. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 2-3 
united carpels. Ovary l-celled. Styles or stigmas 2-3, the former often more or 
less united. Ovule anatropous, erect. Fruit a lenticular, plano-convex, or 
3-angled achene. Endosperm mealy. Embryo minute. 
Flowers of the spikelets, or at least one of them, perfect. 
Scales of the spikelets enclosing a bractlet or a pair of bractlets. 
Bractlets 2, convolute around the ovary. 1. LIPOCARPHA. 
Bractlet solitary, minute, posterior. 2. HEMICARPHA. 
Seales of the spikelets not enclosing bractlets. : 
Spikelets perfect or mainly so, rarely of 2 scales and 1 flower, or if polyga- 
mous, plants with‘leaves not densely imbricated on the stems (Kyllinga). 
Seales of the spikelets 2-ranked. 
Perianth present, the members bristle-like. 3. DULICHIUM. 
Perianth wanting. 
Spikelets with 2-several perfect flowers : scales several-many. 4. CYPERUS. 
Spikelets with 1 perfect flower: scales 2-4. 5. KYLLINGA. 
Seales of the spikelets spirally imbricated all around. 
Base of the style not at all or only slightly thickened, deciduous. 
Perianth-parts conspicuously elongated. 6. ERIOPHORUM. 
Perianth-parts not conspicuously elongated. 
Seales pubescent: perianth of bristles and dilated scales. 7. FUIRENA. 
Seales glabrous: perianth of bristles only or none. 8. SCIRPUS. 
Base of the style manifestly swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the 
achene, or deciduous. 
Perianth present. 
Spikelets in compound umbels, 1-flowered. 9. WEBSTERIA. 
Spikelets solitary, several-many-flowered. 10. ELEOCHARIS. 
Perianth wanting. 
Achene not surmounted by a tubercle. 11. FIMBRISTYLIS. 
Achene surmounted by a tubercle. i : : 
Spikelets in umbels or cymes, without an imbricated involucre. 
Spikelets in a terminal umbel: base of the style persistent. 12. STENOPHYLLUS. 
Spikelets in terminal and axillary compound cymes: most 
of the style persistent. : : 13. PSILOCARYA. 
Spikelets in heads subtended by an imbricated involucre. 14. DICHROMENA. 
Spikelets polygamous, or rarely of 4 scales and only 1 flower. 
Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked. 15. ABILDGAARDIA. 
Scales of the spikelets of spirally imbricated scales. 
Perianth present. 16. SCHOENUS. 
! Prepared with the assistance of Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton. 
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