CYPERACEAE 201 
13. Scleria pauciflora Muhl. Perennial, pubescent. Stems slender, erect, usually 
tufted, 2-5 dm. tall: leaves commonly numerous in the tufts ; blades narrowly linear, less 
than 2 mm. wide, the upper elongated and often overtopping the stem, their sheaths often 
densely puberulent and pubescent: spikelets in a small terminal cluster and in 1 or 2 
axillary ones: achenes globular, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, papillose, the lower: papillae 
elongated and reflexed : hypogynium a narrow obtusely triangular border supporting 6 dis- 
tinct tubercles. 
In dry soil, New Hampshire to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Alsoin Cuba. Summer and fall. 
14. Scleria verticillàta Muhl. Annual. Stems very slender or filiform, smooth or 
nearly so, erect, 1-5 dm. tall: leaves numerous in the tufts; blades very narrowly linear, 
0.5-1 mm. wide, erect, weak, shorter than the stem : spikelets in several separated clusters : 
bracts bristle-like : scales glabrous: achenes globose, fully 1 mm. in diameter, with short 
transverse ridges or somewhat reticulated : hypogynium none. Plant, especially the roots, 
fragrant in drying. 
In moist meadows, eastern Massachusetts to Ontario and Michigan, Florida, Texas and Mexico. 
Also in the West Indies. Summer and fall. 
15. Scleria hirtélla Sw. Perennial. Stems slender, 1-6 dm. long, smooth or nearly 
so : leaves extending well up on the stem ; blades linear, mostly 2-4 mm. wide, like the 
sheaths, pubescent : spikelets in 4-8 sessile sometimes nodding clusters : scales various ; 
those of staminate flowers pointless ; those of pistillate flowers broader, cuspidate, glabrous: 
achenes sulglobose, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, pointed, smooth, slightly pinched at the tri- 
angular base, each side of which is furnished with 5-7 minute pores: hypogynium want- 
ing. 
In low pine lands, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Also in tropical America. Summer. 
21. CAREX L. 
Grass-like herbs, perennial by rootstocks. Stems or scapes mostly 3-angled and 
tufted. Leaves 3-ranked. Bracts elongated or very short, subtending the spikes, or want- 
ing. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, solitary in the axils of small bracts (scales). Spikes 
either wholly pistillate, wholly staminate, or bearing both staminate and pistillate flowers 
(androgynous). Perianth wanting. Staminate flowers of 3 stamens: filaments filiform. 
Pistillate lowers of a single pistil with a style and 2 or3 stigmas, borne on a very short 
axis in the axil of a sac-like bractlet or second bract called the perigynium (utricle), which 
completely encloses the achene. Achene 3-angled, lenticular or plano-convex. SEDGE. 
A. Staminate flowers numerous, in one or more terminal spikes, which are sometimes pistillate at the 
base or summit, or the spike solitary and the staminate flowers terminal or basal, rarely dioecious : 
stigmas mostly 3 and the achene 3-angled or swollen (stigmas 2 and the achene lenticular or com- 
pressed in nos. 29-30). EUCAREX. 
* Perigynia mostly long-beaked, 3-20 mm. long, often inflated, the beak usually as long as the body 
= longer (short-beaked in no. 20): pistillate spikes mostly large, globose, ovoid, oblong or cylin- 
ric. 
Perigynia membranous or papery. 
Perigynia ovoid, conic, each with a narrowed base, or subulate, tapering into the beak. 
Teeth of the perigynium-beak slender, short or none, not stiff nor awned. 
Teeth of the perigynium-beak lanceolate or subulate. I. LUPULINAE. 
Teeth of the perigynium-beak short or almost wanting. IIl. VESICARIAE. 
Teeth of the perigynium-beak stiff, setaceous or awned. III. PSEUDOCYPERINAE. 
Perigynia obovoid, very‘abruptly contracted into the beak : 
. Spikes exceedingly dense IV. SQUARROSAE. 
Perigynia firm, hard or leathery. V. PALUDOSAE. 
** Perigynia short-beaked or beakless, little or not at all inflated, 1-5 mm. long, the beak commonly 
not more than ¥ as long as the body (long-beaked in no. 27): spikes small and oblong or glo- 
bose; or elongated, linear or narrowly cylindric. 
t Spikes 2 or more, the staminate one always uppermost, sometimes partly pistillate. 
2 Pistillate spike or spikes many-flowered, mostly 2.5 em. long or more (or shorter in nos. 28, 37, 
39, 40, 44, 51-54), linear, narrowly cylindric or oblong. 
Perigynium with astraight short beak (long-beaked in no. 27 ; nearly beakless in no. 21), firm 
or leathery in texture : pistillate spikes erect: stigmas 3. 
Uppermost spike staminate from the base to about the 
middle. VI. SHORTIANAE. 
Uppermost spike entirely staminate, or oecasionally 
pistillate at the base. 
Perigynia papillose; beak very short, nearly or 
quite entire. : VII. ANOMALAE. 
Perigynia pubescent (sometimes glabrous in no. kcu 
24); beak sharply 2-toothed VIII. HIRTAE. 
Perigynium beakless or very short-beaked (see no. 21), and with orifice nearly or quite entire, 
thin in texture, not inflated, closely investing the achene: pistillate spikes erect or 
drooping, often brown or pare : stigmas often 2. 
Pistillate spikes erect or somewhat spreading. 
Terminal spike staminate below: stigmas 3. IX. ATRATAE. 
Terminal spike staminate throughout : stigmas 2. X. RIGIDAE. 
