206 CYPERACEAE 
b. Perigynia erect or appressed. 113. C. tenera. 
B. Perigynia about as broad as long or broader than long. 
Spikes green-brown. 
Perigynia spreading or ascending, 3-3.5 mm. broad: achenes sessile. 114. C. festucacea. 
Perigynia erect, 4-5 mm. broad: achenes stipitate. 115. C. alata. 
Spikes silvery green, whitish, yellowish or rusty. 
Spikes 15-20 mm. long: perigynia 8-10 mm. long. 116. C. Brittoniana. 
Spikes 6-12 mm. long: perigynia 3-6 mm. long. 
Perigynium-wing firm: achene sessile. 
Mature spikes loose: perigynium long-beaked, the body broader 
than long. 117. C. reniformis. 
Mature spikes dense : perigynium short-beaked, the body longer 
than broad. 118. C. albolutescens. 
Perigynium-wing membranous : achene stipitate. 119. C. Bicknellü. 
1. Carex Collínsii Nutt. Green. Stems and scapes slender, erect or reclining, 
1.5-5 dm. long: leaf-blades narrow, the broader about 5 mm. wide: staminate spike 
stalked: pistillate spikes 2-4, distant, 2-8-flowered : bracts similar to the leaves: stigmas 
3: perigynia light green, scarcely inflated, subulate, 1-1.4 cm. long, each tapering into an 
almost filiform beak, faintly many-nerved, strongly reflexed when mature, about 3 times 
as long as the lanceolate-acuminate persistent scale. [C. subulata Michx. ] 
In bogs, Rhode Island to eastern Pennsylvania and the mountians of Georgia. Summer. 
2. Carex folliculata L. Yellow or yellowish. Stems and scapes erect or reclining, 
4-10 dm. long: leaf-blades often 12 mm. wide: pistillate spikes 2-4, usually distant, all 
except the uppermost slender-stalked, the lower often nodding: bracts commonly over- 
topping the spikes: stigmas 3: perigynia ovoid, slightly inflated, green, rather promi- 
nently many-nerved, 12-16 mm. long, about 2 mm. in diameter near the base, each 
tapering from below the middle into a slender 2-toothed beak, longer than the awned 
scarious-margined persistent scale, the teeth nearly erect. 
In swamps and wet woods, Newfoundland to Michigan, North Carolina and West Virginia. Prob- 
ably extends further south.—The smaller and more slender form, with larger and looser pistillate spikes, 
more slender scarcely inflated perigynia and shorter scales, is C. folliculata australis Bailey ; it ranges 
from South Carolina to Louisiana and Florida. Spring to fall. 
3. Carex Ellióttii Schw. & Torr. Green. Stems and scapes 3-9 dm. tall, slender : 
leaves overtopped by the scape ; blades narrowly linear, conspicuously elongated, 2.5-3.5 
mm. wide: staminate spike slender, 1.5-2 cm. long: pistillate spikes mostly 3, subglobose 
or slightly elongated, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, 8-16-flowered, approximate, or the lower one 
remote and longer-peduncled : stigmas 3: perigynia lanceolate in outline, 6-8 mm. long, 
spreading, few-nerved, abont twice as long as the scale, each tapering into a smooth 2-cleft 
beak with erect teeth. 
About boggy pine-land streams, North Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 
4. Carex intuméscens Rudge. Deep green. Stems and scapes slender, 4-9 dm. 
high: leaf-blades elongated, roughish, 3-6 mm. wide: bracts similar, overtopping the 
scape : staminate spike mostly long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-3, sessile or short-stalked, 
globose or ovoid : scales narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or aristate, about 4 as long as the 
perigynia: stigmas 3: perigynia 1-30, spreading or the upper erect, 12-20 mm. long, 
much inflated, about 6 mm. in diameter above the base, many-nerved, each tapering into a. 
subulate 2-toothed beak, the teeth somewhat spreading. 
In swamps and wet woods, Newfoundland to Manitoba, Florida and Louisiana. Spring to fall. 
5. Carex Asa-Grayi Bailey. Deep green. Stems and scapes stout, 5-9 dm. tall: leaf- 
blades elongated, dark green, 6-9 mm. wide: bracts similar to the upper leaves, usually 
much overtopping the scape : staminate spike mostly long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1 or 2, 
dense, about 2.5 cm. in diameter: scales ovate or lanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate, 
scarious, about 4 as long as the perigynia: stigmas 3: perigynia 10-30, ovoid, glabrous or 
pubescent, much inflated, many-nerved, about 8 mm. in diameter, each tapering to a sharp 
2-toothed beak. [C. Grayi Carey. ] 
In swamps and wet meadows, Vermont to Michigan, Georgia and Missouri. Summer and fall. 
6. Carex Louisiánica Bailey. Stems and scapes slender, smooth or nearly so, 2-5 
dm. tall: leaves roughish ; blades 2-4 mm. wide, the upper overtopping the spikes : stam- 
inate spike long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-3, oblong, about 2.5 em. long, 1.5-2 cm. 
thick, erect, the lower slender-stalked, the upper nearly sessile: scales oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate, about > as long as the perigynia: stigmas 3: perigynia ovoid, much inflated, 
smooth, strongly several-nerved, shining, 10-12 mm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter at the 
rounded base, each tapering into a long 2-toothed beak, the small teeth slightly spreading. 
(€. Halei Carey. ] 
In swamps, Missouri to Texas and Florida. Summer. 
