CYPERACEAE 207 
7. Carex lupulina Muhl. Stems and scapes stout, 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades elon- 
gated, nodulose, 5-12 mm. wide, the upper ones, and the similar bracts much overtopping 
the scape: staminate spikes solitary or rarely several: pistillate spikes 2-5, densely many- 
flowered, oblong, 2.5 cm. long, often 3-6 cm. in diameter: scales acuminate or aristate, 4 
as long as the perigynia : stigmas 3: perigynia often short-stalked, much inflated, many- 
nerved, 12-15 mm. long, about 3 mm. in diameter above the base, each tapering from 
below the middle into a subulate 2-toothed beak. 
In swamps and ditches, Hudson Bay to western Ontario, Iowa, Florida and Texas. Summer. 
8. Carex grandis Bailey. Stems and scapes slender, 5-9 dm. high: leaves rather 
dark green; blades elongated, 8-12 mm. wide: bracts similar to the leaves, much over- 
topping the scape: staminate spike sometimes bearing perigynia at its base: pistillate 
spikes 3-5, all stalked or theupper sessile, cylindric, 2-7.5 cm. long: stigmas 3: perigynia 
much swollen at the base, about 4 mm. in diameter, 10-12 mm. long, many-nerved, spread- 
ing at maturity, 3-4 times as long as the scarious lanceolate acuminate or aristate scale, 
each abruptly contracted into a subulate 2-toothed beak 2-3 times as long as the inflated 
portion. [C. gigantea Dewey. ] 
In swamps, Delaware to Kentucky and Missouri, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 
9. Carex turgéscens Torr. Stems and scapes 5-12 dm. tall, smooth : leaves overtopped 
by the scape ; blades narrowly linear, 2-4 mm. wide: staminate spike 2.5-4 em. long: pis- 
tillate spikes mostly 2, ovoid or cylindric-ovoid, 1.5-2 em. long, 8-12-flowered, approxi- 
mate or when 3, the lower one remote: stigmas 3: perigynia lanceolate in outline, 8-11 
mm. long, little inflated, strongly many-nerved, erect, spreading, about twice as long as the 
scales, each gradually tapering into a 2-cleft beak with erect teeth. 
In and about pine-land swamps, North Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 
10. Carex bullàta Schk. Stems and scapes slender, 3-6 dm. high, roughish : leaves 
and bracts very narrow and elongated ; blades rarely more than 4 mm. wide, rough-mar- 
gined : staminate spikes mostly 2, long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-3, light green, oblong 
or oblong-cylindric, many-flowered, 2-4 cm. long, 9-12 mm. in diameter: stigmas 3: peri- 
gynia much inflated, ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, each abruptly contracted into a subulate 
rough 2-toothed beak, shining, strongly nerved, 2-3 times longer than the scale. 
In swamps, New Hampshire to North Carolina. Summer. 
11. Carex lürida Wahl. Stem and scapes slender, 3-10 dm. tall: leaves elongated, 
rough ; blades rarely more than 4 mm. wide: staminate spike short-stalked : pistillate 
spikes 1-4, cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, the upper sessile, the lower peduncled: perigynia in- 
flated, ovoid, each tapering into a long subulate beak, ascending or the lower spreading, 8 
mm. long, thin, yellowish green, rather conspicuously nerved, longer than the rough-awned 
scale. [C. tentaculata Muhl.] 
In swamps and wet meadows, Nova Scotia to Minnesota. Nebraska, Florida and Texas. Summer. 
—The form with brown pistillate spikes 1-2.5 cm. long, all sessile or very nearly so, clustered at the sum- 
mit, rather more loosely flowered, ranging from northern New York to Carolina and Tennessee, is Carex 
lurida fláccida Bailey. 
12. Carex Baileyi Britton. Stems and scapes erect or reclining, slender, minutely 
scrabous above, 2-5 dm. long: leaves roughish ; blades elongated, 3-4 mm. wide: staminate 
spike short-peduncled : pistillate spikes 1-3, narrowly cylindric, very dense erect or as- 
cending, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, about 8 mm. in diameter: perigynia inflated, ovoid, 5-6 mm. 
long, ascending, each abruptly contracted into a subulate 2-toothed beak, prominently 
several-nerved. 
In bogs, Vermont to Virginia and Tennessee. Summer. 
.. 13. Carex hystricina Muhl. Stems and scapes 3-5. dm. tall: leaf-blades 3-5 mm. 
wide: staminate spike slender-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-4, oblong-cylindric, dense, 1-3 
cm. long, about 9 mm. in diameter, the lower slender-stalked and drooping: stigmas 3 : 
perigynia ascending, somewhat inflated, ovoid-conic, 5-6 mm. long, strongly many-nerved, 
each tapering into a subulate 2-toothed beak, equalling or the upper longer than the nar- 
row rough scales. 
iine swamps and low meadows, Nova Seotia to the Northwest Territory, Georgia and Nebraska. 
er. 
14. Carex comósa Boott. Stems and scapes commonly stout, 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- 
blades sometimes 12 mm. wide: staminate spikes sometimes pistillate at the summit : pis- 
tillate spikes 2-6, all spreading or drooping, 3-7 cm. long, bristly, about 12 mm. in diameter: 
scales mostly shorter than the perigynia, very rough : stigmas 3: perigynia more slender, 
little inflated, strongly reflexed when mature, each tapering into a slender prominently 2- 
toothed beak, the teeth subulate and recurved-spreading. 
Inswamps, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Washington, Georgia, Louisiana and California. Spring to fall. 
