208 CYPERACEAE 
15. Carex Fránkii Kunth. Stems and scapes stout, smooth, leafy, 3-7 dm. tall: 
leaves roughish ; blades elongated, 5-8 mm. wide: staminate spike stalked: pistillate 
spikes 3-6, exceedingly dense, cylindric, erect, 1-4 dm. long, about 8 mm. in diameter, the 
upper nearly or quite sessile, the lower slender-stalked : scales linear-subulate, longer than 
the perigynia: stigmas 3: perigynia green, slightly inflated, about 2 mm. in diameter, 
few-nerved, obovoid, with a depressed summit from which arises the subulate 2-toothed 
beak. [C. stenolepis Torr. ] 
In swamps and wet meadows, eastern Pennsylvania to Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana and Texas. 
Summer and fall. 
16. Carex squarròsa L. Stems and scapes slender, rough above on the angles, 6-9 
dm. tall: leaf-blades elongated, rarely more than 4 mm. wide, rough-margined : spikes 
1-3, erect, stalked, oblong or globose, exceedingly dense, rarely over 2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. 
in diameter, the upper one club-shaped, staminate at the base or sometimes for 3 its length 
or more: stigmas 3: perigynia yellowish green, becoming tawny, the lower reflexed, 
somewhat inflated but firm, obovoid, 2-3 mm. in diameter, few-nerved, each abruptly nar- 
rowed into a subulate minutely 2-toothed beak, twice as long as the lanceolate-acuminate 
or awn-tipped scale : achenes linear-oblong, each tapering into the stout style. 
In swamps and bogs, Connecticut to Michigan, Nebraska, Georgia, {Louisiana and Arkansas. 
Summer and fall. 
17. Carex typhinoides Schwein. Similar to the next preceding species, but darker 
green. Leaf-blades often 8-10 mm. wide: spikes 2-6, cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, 8-14 mm. 
in diameter, often staminate at both ends, the terminal one commonly tapering to a conic 
summit: basal staminate flowers much less numerous: scales oblong-lanceolate, obtusish : 
stigmas 3: perigynia dull straw-color, ascending or the lower spreading or reflexed, in- 
flated, each abruptly contracted into the slender 2-toothed beak, which is often upwardly 
bent : achenes ovoid-elliptic, sharply 3-angled, each tipped with the subulate style. 
In swamps, Quebec to Iowa, Virginia, Louisiana and Missouri. Summer. 
18. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. Stems and scapes usually stout and tall, smooth below, 
very rough above : leaf-blades elongated, rough-margined, 4-6 mm. wide : staminate spikes 
2-6, long-stalked : pistillate spikes cylindric, densely flowered except at the base, 2-10 cm. 
long, 1-1.6 cm. in diameter, the upper sessile or nearly so and erect, the lower slender- 
stalked : scales hyaline, acute or acuminate: stigmas 3: perigynia ovoid-conic, pubescent 
or glabrous, many-ribbed, 8-10 mm. long, each tapering into a stout conspicuously 2- 
toothed beak, the teeth somewhat spreading. 
In marshes and wet meadows, Quebec to Michigan, Iowa, Georgia and Kansas. Summer. 
19. Carex riparia Curtis. Stems and scapes smooth, or roughish above, 5-10 dm. tall : 
leaf-blades elongated, 6-12 mm. wide, about equalling the scape: staminate spikes 1-5: 
pistillate spikes 2-5, cylindric, 3-10 cm. long, about 8 mm, in diameter, the upper erect, 
sessile or nearly so, the lower stalked: scales lanceolate or oblanceolate, long-aristate or 
acute, the lower longer, the upper equalling or shorter than the perigynia: perigynia 
narrowly ovoid, firm, scarcely inflated, ascending, each tapering into a short 2-toothed 
beak, the teeth divergent. 
In swamps, Newfoundland to James’ Bay and Manitoba, Florida, Louisiana, Texas and Idaho. 
Also in Europe. Spring and summer. 
20. Carex Shortiana Dewey. Stems and scapes slender, rough above, 3-10 dm. tall, 
usually overtopped by the upper leaves : leaves roughish ; blades elongated, 4-5 mm. wide : 
bracts short, narrow, rarely much exceeding the spikes: spikes 3-7, linear-cylindric, 
densely many-flowered, 1-3 cm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter, erect, the lower stalked : stig- 
mas 3: perigynia dark brown, compressed, 2-edged, orbicular or obovoid, nerveless, each 
abruptly minutely beaked, equalling or shorter than its scale, which is hyaline, scarious- 
margined, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, persistent, the orifice of the perigynium entire or 
very nearly so. 
In moist meadows and thickets, Pennsylvania to Virginia, Iowa, Tennessee and the Indian Terri- 
tory. Spring and summer. 
21. Carex scabrata Schwein. Stems and scapes rough above, 3-10 dm. tall: 
leaves rough ; blades much elongated, 5-7 mm. wide: bracts similar but narrower : stam- 
inate spike short-stalked : pistillate spikes 3-6, erect, the upper short-stalked, the lower 
sometimes spreading or drooping, all linear-cylindric, densely many-flowered, 2-5 cm. long, 
5-8 mm. in diameter: scales lanceolate, acute or short-awned, prominently 1-nerved, 
shorter than the perigynia: perigynia greenish’ brown, ovoid, somewhat inflated, strongly 
several-nerved, papillose, each tipped by a short minutely 2-toothed or entire beak. 
In moist woods and thickets, Maine to Ontario, Michigan, South Carolina and Tennessee. Spring 
and summer. 
