CYPERACEAE 215 
sessile: pistillate spikes 2 or 3, the lower one often slender-stalked and nearly basal, all 
erect, 8-16 mm. long: scales ovate, obtuse, about 3 as longas the perigynia: perigynia 
oblong, pale, 3-angled, many-nerved, 2 mm. long, pointed at both ends, minutely straight- 
beaked, the orifice entire. 
In moist woods and thickets, Massachusetts and New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 
71. Carex Baltzéllii Chapm. Leaves glaucous, overtopping the scape ; blades 4-10 
mm. wide, very scabrous above: scapes 5-20 cm. tall, smooth : staminate spike 1.5-3.5 cm. 
long, rigid, often with few pistillate flowers at the base: pistillate spikes 3-6, narrowly 
cylindric, 1-4 em. long, 4-5 mm. thick, rather loosely several-many-flowered, all except 
the upper 1 or 2, on long arching or recurved basal or nearly basal peduncles: scales 
obovate, about as long as the perigynia, mucronate, reddish brown: perigynia narrowly 
oblong-obovoid, about 4 mm. long, abruptly short-pointed, pubescent. 
In dry pine woods, middle Florida. Spring. 
72. Carex pedicellata (Dewey) Britton. Plants not stoloniferous. Leaves light 
green, shorter than the scapes ; blades 2-4 mm. wide: scapes slender, roughish above, 1.5-5 
dm. long: lower bract 0.6-5 cm. long: staminate spike short-stalked, 8-25 mm. long : 
pistillate spikes 2-4, short-oblong, few-flowered : scales green, ovate, acute: perigynia oval 
or oblong, rather less than 2 mm. long, pale, pubescent, each with a subulate 2-toothed 
beak } the length of the body. 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia, Ohio and Nebraska. Spring and summer. 
73. Carex Pennsylvánica Lam. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves dark or dull green ; 
blades 1-3 mm. wide or rarely narrower, the old sheaths persistent and fibrillose : scapes 
slender, 1.5-4 dm. tall: lower bract rarely over 1 cm. long : staminate spike sessile or very 
short-stalked, 1-2.5 em. long: pistillate spikes 1-3, short-oblong, few-flowered, sessile : 
scales ovate, purplish, acute or cuspidate: perigynia oval, about 2 mm. long, pubescent, 
l-ribbed on each side, each with a 2-toothed beak about $ the length of the body. 
In dry soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba and the Northwest Territory, to North Carolina, Georgia, 
Tennessee and Kansas. Spring. 
74. Carex vatia Muhl. Plants stoloniferous. Leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide, nearly 
always shorter than the scape: scapes filiform, erect or somewhat spreading, 1.5-5 dm. 
long: lower bract scale-like or subulate, rarely 2 cm. long: staminate spike 4-8 mm. long, 
sessile, usually rather prominent : pistillate spikes 2-4, 4-6 mm. long: scales ovate, green 
or purplish brown, acute: perigynia oblong, pubescent, about 2 mm. long, narrowed at the 
base, each with a subulate minutely 2-toothed beak commonly 3 the length of the body. 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Manitoba, Georgia and Texas. Spring and summer. 
75. Carex Floridàna Schwein. Plantsstoloniferous. Leaves bright green, overtopping 
the inflorescence ; blades 2-5 mm. wide, rough-margined : scapes tufted, often very short : 
staminate spike 0.5-1 cm. long, inconspicuous, not much surpassing the 1 or 2 accompany- 
ing sessile pistillate spikes, these less than 1 cm. long, terminating filiform peduncles 1-2 
dm. long: scales green or sparingly dark blotched: perigynia plano-convex, 3-3.5 mm. 
long, glabrous, each with a stipe-like base and a curved subulate beak. 
In light dry soil, Florida to Texas. Spring. 
76. Carex nigro-marginàta Schwein. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves bright green, 
much longer than the scapes ; blades 2-4 mm. wide, rather stiff: scapes filiform, 5-20 cm. 
long: bracts short and subulate or wanting : staminate spike sessile, 4-6 mm. long : pistil- 
late spikes 1-3, sessile, about 6 mm. long: scales acute or cuspidate, black or with broad 
black-purple margins, rather longer than the perigynia: perigynia oblong, narrowed at 
the base into short stipes, pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2-3 mm. long, each with a cylindric- 
subulate 2-toothed beak 4 or 1 as long as the body. 
In dry soil, New York to North Carolina. Spring and summer. 
77. Carex umbellàta Schk. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves light green, usually 
much exceeding the scapes ; blades 1-3 mm. wide, the old sheaths fibrillose: scapes tufted 
and matted, filiform, 5-15 cm. long: staminate spike commonly conspicuous : pistillate 
-spikes 1-3, filiform-stalked from the basal sheaths or 1 or 2 of them sessile or very nearly 
so at the base of the staminate spike, ovoid-oblong, 4-8 mm. long: scales acuminate or 
short-awned, about as long as the perigynia: perigynia oval, pubescent, 3-angled, the body 
rather less than 2 mm. long, tipped with a subulate 2-toothed beak of nearly its length. 
. In dry soil, Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory, New Jersey, the Indian Territory and Oregon. 
Spring and summer. 
78. Carex planostáchys Kunze. Leaves bright green, approximate, overtopping 
the inflorescence ; blades stiff, 0.5-3 dm. long, involute, scabrous: scapes tufted, very 
short: staminate spike solitary at the base of the uppermost pistillate spike, inconspicu- 
