216 CYPERACEAE 
ous, sessile or nearly so: pistillate spikes 1 or 2, loosely few-flowered at the summit of fili- 
form mostly basal peduncles, 1-1.5 em. long: perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 5-6 mm. 
long, acute, glabrous or minutely tomentulose, many-nerved, each with a terete entire or 
nearly entire beak. 
In dry soil, Texas and Mexico. Spring and fall. 
79. Carex Chapmánii Sartw. Leaves bright green, glabrous, overtopped by the 
scape ; blades firm, channeled, 2-5 mm. wide, roughish : scapes tufted, rigid, 2-7 dm. tall, 
glabrous : staminate spike 1-3 em. long, erect: pistillate spikes 2-3, approximate at the top 
of the scape, oblong, 1-1.5 em. long, less than 1 em. thick, sessile: scales more than å as 
long as the perigynia: perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, many-ribbed, 
short-beaked, sparingly pubescent. [C. tenax Chapm. ] 
On dry sand ridges, South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 
— 80. Carex dasycárpa Muhl. Leaves pubescent, overtopped by the scape, blades 
1.5-5 mm. broad, rough-margined: scapes tufted, 1.5-4 dm. tall, slender, glabrous or 
nearly so: staminate spike solitary, 1-2 cm. long, short-peduncled : pistillate spikes 2-3, 
oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick, few-flowered, sessile, approximate: scales abruptly 
pointed, about 3 as long as the perigynia: perigynia 3-angled, elliptic, about 5 mm. long, 
woolly, searcely beaked, several-ribbed. 
In sandy woods, South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 
81. Carex Fraseri Andr. Monoecious. Leaves glabrous, pale green; blades 2-4 
dm. long, flat, firm, spreading, finely many-nerved, and with their margins usually finely 
crumpled in drying, accompanied by clasping basal sheaths: scapes smooth, slender, re- 
clining, 2.5-5 dm. long: spike solitary, bractless, terminal, androgynous, 1-2.5 cm. long, 
the pistillate portion dense, about 1.2 cm. in diameter in fruit : scales ovate, obtuse, much 
shorter than the perigynia : perigynia ovoid, pale green, faintly many-nerved, fully 4 mm. 
long, each with a short nearly truncate beak. Our largest-leaved species. 
In rieh mountain woods, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Spring and 
summer. 
82. Carex picta Steud. Dioecious. Leaves glabrous, light green ; blades 3-6 mm. 
wide: scape slender, smooth, 1.5-3 dm. long: spike usually solitary, densely many-flow- 
ered, the staminate about 2.5 cm. long, the pistillate narrowed at the base, 2-6 cm. long, 
subtended by a short purple sheath: scales purple, shining, obovate, acute or cuspidate, 
longer and wider than the perigynia: perigynia strongly many-nerved, pubescent at least 
toward the obtuse summit, about 3 mm. long. [C. Boottiana Benth. ] 
In woods, Indiana to Alabama and Louisiana. Summer. 
83. Carex Willdenóvii Schk. Monoecious. Leaves glabrous and pale green, often 
3 dm. long, much overtopping the spikes; blades 2-3 mm. wide, the lowest reduced to 
sheaths: scapes 2-10 em. high: spikes 1-5, androgynous, staminate above, pistillate be- 
low, or sometimes completely staminate, about 1.2 cm. long, appearing nearly basal, one 
of them or more on long filiform stalks: scales lanceolate, acute, acuminate or awned, 
finely several-nerved, the lower 1 or 2 commonly bract-like: body of the perigynium ob- 
long, smooth, 2-3 mm. long, narrowed into a 2-edged rough beak of about its own length. 
. In dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ohio, Michigan, Manitoba, Florida, Kentucky and Texas. 
Spring and summer. 
84. Carex Jamésii Schwein. Similar to the next preceding species, but the leaf- 
blades rather narrower, soft, spreading or ascending: spikes androgynous, the terminal 
staminate portion slender, the pistillate flowers only 1-4 and slightly separated : lower 
scales bract-like, foliaceous, the upper shorter and sometimes not exceeding the perigynia : 
body of the perigynium subglobose, 2 mm. in diameter, abruptly tipped by a subulate rough 
beak of more than its own length. 
In dry woods and thiekets, southern Ontario and New York to Indiana, Iowa, District of Colum- 
bia, Tennessee and the Indian Territory. Spring. 
85. Carex leptalea Wahl. Leaves light green and glabrous ; blades not over 0.5 
mm. wide : scapes filiform, smooth, 1.5-4.5 dm. long : spike solitary, terminal, androgynous, 
linear, 4-14 mm. long: stigmas 2 or 3: perigynia few, linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long, 
light green, many-nerved, obtuse and beakless: scales membranous, the lowest sometimes 
attenuated into a subulate awn nearly as long as the spike.  [ C. polytrichoides Muhl. ] 
In bogs and swamps, Newfoundland to British Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Colorado and 
Oregon. Summer. 
86. Carex filifolia Nutt. Leaves pale green, glabrous, as long as the scape or 
shorter ; blades filiform, rather stiff, about 0.5 mm. wide, the sheaths persistent and ulti- 
mately fibrillose : scapes densely tufted, slender but stiff, 8-35 cm. tall : spike solitary, erect, 
6-30 mm. long, staminate above; the pistillate portion about 4 mm. in diameter : scales 
