CYPERACEAE 217 
very broad, concave, with wide scarious margins, obtuse or cuspidate, about as longas the 
perigynia, but much broader: perigynia oval or obovoid-oval, 2 mm. long, 3-angled, few- 
nerved or nearly nerveless, scabrous, or somewhat pubescent near the apex, each abruptly 
tipped by a short cylindric beak. i 
In dry soil, Manitoba to British Columbia, Texas and California. Syring and summer. 
87. Carex stipata Muhl. Leaves bright green; blades flat, 4-8 mm. wide: scapes 
smooth, sharply 3-angled, 2-10 dm. tall: bracts bristle-form or wanting : spikes numerous, 
yellowish brown, in a terminal oblong cluster 3-10 cm. long, the staminate flowers few, 
always terminal: scales ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the perigynia: peri- 
gynia lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, each tapering into a rough flattened 2-toothed beak 1-2 
times as long as the body. 
In swamps and wet meadows, Newfoundland to Ontario, British Columbia, Florida, Tennessee, 
Missouri, New Mexico and California. Spring and summer. 
88. Carex Crüs-Córvi Shuttlw. Leaves pale green and glaucous ; blades flat, 5-12 
mm. wide, rough-margined : scapes 3-angled, rough above, 5-11 dm. tall, longer than the 
leaves : spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a large compound branching panicle, 
1-3 dm. long : scales ovate or lanceolate, thin, much shorter than the perigynia: perigynia 
elongated-lanceolate, about 8 mm. long, each with a short hard base and a subulate rough 
2-toothed beak. 
In swamps, District of Columbia to Indiana, Minnesota, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Spring 
and summer. 
89. Carex decompósita Muhl. Leaves dark green, longer than the scape ; blades 
4-8 mm. wide, rough : scapes smooth, obtusely angled, or terete below, 4-9 dm. tall: 
spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a decompound cluster, 5-13 cm. long, the lower 
branches 2-5 cm. long: bracts subulate, ciliate, or wanting: scales ovate, about a 
the perigynia : perigynia short-obovate, less than 2 mm. long, hard, each abruptly tippe 
with a short slightly 2-toothed beak. 
In swamps, New York to Ohio, Michigan, Florida and Louisiana. Spring and summer. 
90. Carex gravida Bailey. Leaves light green ; blades flat, 3-6 mm. wide: scapes 
4-9 dm. tall, 3-angled, rough above: bracts usually very short: spikes several, in a dense 
heavy head 2-3.5 em. long, pale, subglobose : scales acute, cuspidate or short-awned, about 
as long as the perigynia: perigynia flat, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3-4 mm. long, 
rounded at the base, each narrowed into a 2-toothed beak about 4 as long as the body, 
several-nerved. on the outer face or nerveless. 
On plains and prairies, Illinois to South Dakota and the Indian Territory. Spring and summer. 
91. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Leaves often exceeding the scape ; blades 2-5 mm. 
wide: scapes stiff, 3-angled, rough above, 3-12 dm. tall: bracts bristle-like : spikes ovoid- 
oblong, 4-8 mm. long, very numerous in a cluster, 3-13 cm. long: scales lanceolate, 
acuminate or awned, about as long as the perigynia, but narrower: perigynia ovate, about 
1.5 mm. long, greenish brown, flat, several-nerved on the outer face, nerveless or faintly 
pre Mec on the inner, each tipped with a lanceolate 2-toothed beak about 3 as long as 
the body. 
In swamps and meadows, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 
92. Carex triangularis Boeckl. Leaves bright green, overtopped by the scape ; blades 
2-6 mm. wide, somewhat scabrous, attenuate: scapes tufted, 3-8 dm. tall, stiff: spikes 
ovoid or globose, 5-8 mm. long, dense, approximate, forming a compound spike 3-5 cm. 
long, with short filiform bracts, fawn-brown at maturity : scales as long as the perigynia or 
shorter: perigynia nearly orbicular, conspicuously spreading, fully 2 mm. long, short- 
pointed, delicately nerved. 
On low prairies, the Indian Territory to Mississippi and Texas. Spring and early summer. 
93. Carex xanthocárpa Bicknell. Leaves bright green; blades 3-6 mm. wide: 
scapes rather stout, rough above, 3-14 dm. tall, much longer than the leaves : head usually 
dense : spikes numerous, ovoid, short : bracts mostly short and inconspicuous : scales aeu- 
minate, short-awned : perigynia bright yellow, plano-convex, ovate-elliptie, 2.5-3 mm. 
long, each with a narrowed or cuneate base, and a short minutely 2-toothed beak, nerve- 
less, or obscurely few-nerved on the outer face. 
In fields, Massachusetts to North; Carolina and Iowa. Summer. 
..94. Carex Sartwéllii Dewey. Leaves light green; blades 2-4 mm. wide: scapes 
stiff, rough above, 3-angled, 3-9 dm. tall: bracts setaceous, usually small: spikes ovoid or 
oblong, 4-8 mm. long, usually densely aggregated in a narrow cluster : scales ovate, pale 
brown, about equalling the perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, strongly 
several-nerved on both faces, each tapering into a short 2-toothed beak. 
. In swamps, Ontario to British Columbia, New York, Illinois, Michigan, Arkansas and Utah. 
Spring and summer. À 
