218 CYPERACEAE 
95. Carex rosea Schk. Leaves soft; blades flat, 2 mm. wide or less, shorter than 
the stem : scapes slender or filiform, rough above, 3-7 dm. long : lower bract 1-6 cm. long : 
spikes 4-8, subglobose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, 5-15-flowered : scales ovate-oblong, white, } 
as long as the perigynia : perigynia ovate-lanceolate, flattish, bright green, radiately spread- 
ing, nerveless, shining, mostly over 3 mm. long, each gradually narrowed into a stout 2- 
toothed beak, about } the length of the body. 
In woods and thickets, Newfoundland to Ontario, Manitoba, North Carolina, Missouri and 
Nebraska. Spring and summer. 
96. Carex radiàta (Dewey) Small. Leaves numerous, sometimes equalling the scape 
in length ; blades about 1 mm. wide or less, weak : scapes filiform, numerous, more or less 
diffusely spreading : spikes scattered, 2-6-flowered : perigynia mostly less than 3 mm. long, 
ascending, the broadly oblong-ovoid or obovoid body abruptly narrowed into the beak. 
[ C. rosea var. radiata Dewey. ] 
In woods, Ontario to Maine, Georgia and Tennessee. Summer. 
97. Carex retrofléxa Muhl. Leaves mostly shorter than the scape ; blades about 1 
mm. in width: scapes very slender, 2-5 dm. tall: lower bract bristle-form : spikes 4-8, 
subglobose, 4-9-flowered, the upper all close together: staminate flowers terminal or rarely 
variously intermixed with the pistillate: scales ovate, about } as long as the perigynia: 
perigynia oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, radiating or reflexed at maturity, about 
3 mm. long, smooth, compressed, but not as flat as those of the preceding species, somewhat 
corky-thickened at the base, each tapering upwardly into a 2-toothed beak about 4 the 
length of the body. 
In woods and thickets, Massachusetts to Ontario, Arkansas, Floridaand Texas. Spring and summer. 
98. Carex Texénsis (Torr.) Bailey. Similar tothe next preceding species. Leaves 
soft; blades about 1 mm. wide, shorter than the scape: scapes very slender : lower bract 
commonly filiform: spikes 4-7, 4-10-flowered, all close together in a narrow head, or 
the lower separated : scales lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate, less than 3 as long as 
the perigynia: perigynia narrowly lanceolate, green, nerveless, smooth, radiating or 
widely spreading, 3-4 mm. long, the tapering beak about 4 as long as the body. 
In moist soil and thickets, southern Illinois (according to Bailey) to Alabama and Texas. Spring. 
99. Carex sparganioides Muhl. Leaf-blades flat, 5-9 mm. wide, the lower very 
short: sheaths white or pale: scapes rough, 3-angled, 5-9 dm. tall: spikes 6-12, oblong or 
subglobose, 5-8 mm. in diameter, the upper aggregated, the 2-4 lower ones commonly 
separated : scales ovate, acute or cuspidate, about 4 as long as the perigynia: perigynia 
flat, ovate, 3 mm. long, spreading or radiating, pale, narrowly wing-margined, usually few- 
nerved on the outer face, the rough 2-toothed beak 1—3 the length of the body. 
In woods and thickets, Massachusetts to Ontario, Michigan, Virginia, Kentucky and the Indian 
Territory. Summer. 
100. Carex cephalóphora Muhl. Leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide: scapes slender, rough 
above, 2.5-6 dm. tall: bracts of the lower spikes bristle-form : spikes few, subglobose, 
clustered in a short-oblong head 8-16 mm. long: scales ovate, rough-cuspidate or awned, 
equalling or a little shorter than the perigynia: perigynia broadly ovate, 2 mm. long or 
less, pale, nerveless or very faintly few-nerved, each tipped with a 2-toothed beak about + 
the length of the body. 
In dry fields and on hills, Maine and Ontario to Manitoba, Florida, Missouri and Texas. Spring 
and summer. 
101. Carex Leavenwórthii Dewey. Similar to the next preceding species but 
smaller. Leaves mostly shorter than the scape ; blades narrower, 1-3 mm. wide: scapes 
almost filiform, roughish, 1.5-4 dm. tall: bracts of the lower spikes bristle-form or want- 
ing: spikes 4—7, densely crowded : scales ovate, acute or cuspidate, shorter and narrower 
than the perigynia: perigynia orbicular-ovate, rather less than 2 mm. long and about as 
wide, each tipped with a very short 2-toothed beak. 
In meadows, Iowa to Mississippi, Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 
102. Carex Muhlenbérgii Schk. Leaves usually shorter than the scape ; blades 2-4 
mm. wide, somewhat involute in drying: scapes slender, erect, 3-angled, rough, at least 
above, 3-6 dm. tall: bracts bristle-form, very short : spikes 4-10, ovoid or subglobose, close 
together in an oblong head : scales ovate-lanceolate, rough-cuspidate or short-awned, nar- 
rower and mostly longer than the perigynia: perigynia broadly ovate-oval, 3 mm. long, 
strongly nerved,on both faces, ascending, each with a short 2-toothed beak. 
In dry fields and on hills, Maine and New Hampshire to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. 
—A form with broader and longer leaf-blades, and nearly or quite nerveless perigynia is C. Muhlenbergtt 
Xalapénsis (Kunth) Britton; it ranges from New York and Missouri to Texas and Mexico. Another 
form with globular spikes collected into denser heads, broader bracts and much broader and less prom- 
inently nerved perigynia, is C. Muhlenbergii austrinus Small [C. Muhlenbergii australis Olney] ; Arkansas, 
the Indian Territory and Texas. Spring and summer. 
