CYPERACEAE 219 
103. Carex Arkansana Bailey. Leaves approximate; blades narrowly linear, 
rather elongated, but usually shorter than the scape, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: scapes tufted, 
1.5-6 dm. tall, smooth: bracts leaf-like, much longer than the inflorescence, the lower 
ones often 15 em. long, dilated at the base : spikes dense, 3-5, approximate or contiguous : 
scales about as long as the perigynia, awn-tipped: perigynia broadly ovate or triangular- 
ovate, 4 mm. long, spreading, barely if at all nerved, each with a thick spongy base. 
In bottoms, Arkansas to the Indian Territory. Spring. 
104. Carex stérilis Willd. Leaves shorter than the scape; blades 1-2 mm. wide : 
scapes slender, 2-4.5 dm. tall, rough, at least above: spikes 3-5, subglobose or short- 
oblong, about 5 mm. thick : staminate flowers usually numerous at the bottom of the upper 
spike, or whole spikes occasionally staminate, or plants rarely quite dioecious: scales ovate, 
shorter than the perigynia: perigynia pale, lanceolate, compressed, spreading or reflexed 
when old, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, several-nerved on both faces, each tapering into a 
sharp-edged 2-toothed rough beak more than 3 as long as the body.  [ C. stellulata var. 
sterilis Chapm. ] 
In moist soil and wet woods, Newfoundland to British Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Colorado and 
California. Variable.—A variety stouter in habit, sometimes 5 dm. tall, with 4-8 very bristly pistillate 
spikes, more numerous flowers and rather larger perigynia is C. sterilis cephalántha Bailey; its range is 
similar to that of the type. Spring and summer. 
105. Carex Atlántica Dailey. Similar to large forms of the next preceding species, 
but stouter. Leaves stiff; blades 2-3 mm. wide, flat, or in drying somewhat involute : 
scapes rough above, 3-7 dm. tall : spikes 4-7, subglobose or short-cylindric, nearly 6 mm. in 
diameter : scales shorter than the perigynia : perigynia broadly ovate, flat, sharp-margined, 
2-3 mm. long, strongly several-nerved on the outer face, few-nerved on the inner, spread- 
ing or reflexed at maturity, each abruptly tipped with a stout rough 2-toothed beak about 
$ as long as the body.  [ C. stellulata var. conferta Chapm. ] 
In swamps, Newfoundland to Florida. Summer. 
106. Carex intérior Bailey. Similar to C. sterilis in habit. Leaves shorter than the 
scape ; blades about 1 mm. wide: scapes slender, wiry, 2-6 dm. tall: spikes 2-4, nearly 
globular, 4 mm. in diameter : scales ovate, shorter than the perigynia: perigynia ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long or less, faintly few-nerved on the outer face, nearly nerveless 
on the inner, thickened, spreading or reflexed when old, each tapering into a nearly smooth 
2-toothed beak 4 to 4 as long as the body. ; 
In wet soil, Maine to Minnesota, Florida and Kansas. Spring and summer. 
107. Carex brunnéscens (Pers. ) Poir. Leaves shorter than the scapes; blades 2 
mm. wide or less : scapes stiff, roughish above, 2-4.5 dm. tall: spikes 4-8, subglobose or 
short-oblong, few-flowered, rarely over 5 mm. long: scales ovate, membranous, brownish : 
perigynia brown, oval or ovate-oval, about 2 mm. long, each with a manifest beak about } 
as long as the body. — ( C. canescens var. alpicola Wahl. ] 
In wet places, mostly at high altitudes, Labrador to British Columbia, New York and on the south- 
ern Alleghenies and Rocky Mountains. Also in Europe.—A variety with nearly filiform weak and 
often spreading scapes, 7-8-flowered spikes and spreading long-beaked perigynia, is C. brunnescens 
gracilior Britton; it is more common at lower altitudes. Summer. 
108. Carex bromoides Schk. Leaves soft; blades 2 mm. wide or less, flat : scapes 
slender, roughish above, 2-6 dm. long: bracts subulate or bristle-form, the lowest com- 
monly elongated : spikes 3-7, narrowly oblong-cylindrie, 8-16 mm. long, erect or ascend- 
ing, mostly close together, the staminate flowers either basal, basal and terminal, or form- 
ing whole spikes, the plants occasionally quite dioecious : scales oblong-lanceolate, green, 
acute or acuminate, shorter than the perigynia: perigynia linear-lanceolate, pale, strongly 
several-nerved, 4-5 mm. long, the” inner face flat, the tapering rough 2-toothed beak at 
least 4 as long as the body. 
In bogs and swamps, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Michigan, Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 
109. Carex tribuloides Wahl. Stems and scapes 2-9 dm. tall, the latter roughish 
above : leaf-blades flat, 2-6 mm. wide: lower bract bristle-form : spikes 6-20, oblong or top- 
shaped, blunt, 6-12 mm. long: scales lanceolate, whitish, acute, about 3 as long as the 
perigynia: perigynia lanceolate, greenish brown, flat, 4-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, 
several-nerved on both faces, each with a sharply 2-toothed rough wing-margined beak. 
In meadows, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida and Arizona, Summer and fall. 
110. Carex scoparia Schk. Stems and scapes slender, 1.5-7.5 dm. tall, the latter 
roughish above: leaf-blades less than 3 mm. wide: spikes 3-10, oblong, narrowed at both 
ends, bright brown, 6-16 mm. long, usually aggregated into an ovoid head : scales thin, 
brown, acuminate or cuspidate, shorter than the perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, 4-6 mm. 
long, rather less than 2 mm. wide, narrowly wing-margined, several-nerved on both faces, 
each tapering into a ciliate 2-toothed beak. 
In moist soil, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Florida and Colorado. Summer. 
