ERIOCAULACEAE 235 
1. Lachnocaulon Engleri Ruhl. Leaf-blades 1-3 em. long, linear-attenuate glab- 
rous, firm : scapes 5-30 em. tall, 3-5-ridged, twisted, glabrous: heads cylindric at maturity, 
3-6 mm. long, dark brown or black : receptacle with slender-clavate hairs : bractlets obovate, 
minutely pubescent near the apex : sepals obovate, obtuse, minutely pubescent at the apex : 
ovary 3-celled : stigmas 3: seeds 0.5 mm. long. 
In damp sandy and springy places, Florida. Spring to fall. 
2. Lachnocaulon Floridànum Small. Leaf-blades 2-4.5 cm. long, linear, less 
attenuate than those of L. glabrum, sparingly ciliate, manifestly cellular at the base : scapes 
3-11 em. tall, twisted, glabrous: heads globose, 3-3.5 mm. long at maturity, dark gray: 
bractlets spatulate or obovate-spatulate, ciliate: sepals similar to the bractlets, ciliate : ovary 
3-celled : seeds 0.5 mm. long. 
In low sandy places, peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. 
3. Lachnocaulon glábrum Kórn. Leaves spreading and ascending ; blades linear- 
attenuate, 4-5 cm. long, glabrous : scape 15-30 cm. tall, mostly 3-ridged, twisted, glabrous : 
heads white, spheroidal at maturity, 3-4 mm. thick : bractlets and sepals ciliate : ovary 3- 
celled : stigmas 3. 
In damp or wet sandy places, Florida. Spring to fall. 
4. Lachnocaulon digynum Kórn. Leaf-blades 8-15 mm. long, linear, glabrous: 
scapes 6-15 em. tall, glabrous: heads globular, about 2 mm. in diameter, gray: bractlets 
spatulate, each with a nerve-like keel: sepals spatulate to obovate, obtuse, ciliate : ovary 
2-celled. 
In sandy soil, Alabama. Spring to fall. 
5. Lachnocaulon Beyrichiànum Sporleder. Leaf-blades 1.5-5 em. long, very nar- 
rowly linear or linear-filiform, attenuate, sparingly ciliate or nearly glabrous: scapes 3-14 
cm. tall, sparingly hairy, very slender, more or less spiral: heads globular, becoming some- 
what elongated, about 3 mm. thick: bractlets spatulate, ciliate: sepals obovate to nearly 
spatulate, ciliate: ovary 3-celled : seeds 0.5 mm. long, smooth. 
On sandy shores and in springy places, eastern and southern Georgia. Spring to fall. 
6. Lachnocaulon eciliàtum Small. Leaf-blades 1-4.5 cm. long, linear-attenuate, 
sparingly ciliate : scapes slender, 3-9 cm. tall, pubescent : heads globular, 3-3.5 mm. thick, 
gray : bractletsspatulate, not ciliate: sepals spatulate to oblanceolate, eciliate, those of the 
pistillate flowers wholly glabrous, those of the staminate minutely pubescent at the apex : 
seeds ovoid, cancellate. 
On sandy shores, northwestern Florida. Spring to fall. 
7. Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small. Leaf-blades 1-4 cm. long, linear-atten- 
uate, sparingly ciliate : scapes slender, 0.5-3 dm. tall, pubescent : heads globular to cylin- 
dric, 3-4 mm. thick, gray or brown-gray : bractlets and sepals ciliate with relatively short 
hairs : seeds oval or ovoid, 0.5 mm. long, cancellate. [L. Michauzii var. minor, Chapm. ] 
In moist soil or often pond-margins, North Carolina to Florida. Spring to fall. 
_ 8. Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. Leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long, narrowly 
linear-attenuate, sparingly pubescent or glabrate: scapes 0.5 dm. tall, very slender, pubes- 
cent: heads spheroidal, 5 mm. thick or more, white: bractlets and sepals ciliate with rela- 
tively long hairs : seeds oblong, 0.8 mm. long. 
In low or moist pine lands, Virginia to Florida. Spring to fall. 
2. SYNGONANTHUS Ruhl. 
Scapose herbs, with spongy tissues. Leaves basal, narrow, crowded. Scapes often 
tufted, each subtended by a sheathing bract at the base. Heads with an imbricated in- 
volucre of 3-4 series of bracts. Flowers androgynous. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 
distinct sepals and petals: stamens 2-3: filaments distinct; anthers 2-celled. Pistillate 
flowers with 2 or 3 distinct sepals and 2 or 3 petals united at the middle: style-branches 
2-3, entire or each 2-cleft. Capsule 2-3-celled. 
1. Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. Leaf-blades filiform-linear or linear- 
subulate, 2-7 em. long, attenuate to a slender tip, floccose near the base, glabrate above: 
Scapes 1-3 dm. tall, 5-angled, pubescent, very slender, or nearly filiform: heads 4-6 mm. 
thick : bracts of the involucre ovate-oval, obtuse, straw-colored, shining: perianth about 
2.5 mm. long, pale. [ Paepalanthus flavidulus ( Michx.) Kunth.] 
In low pine lands, Virginia to Florida. Spring and summer. 
3. ERIOCAULON L. 
Herbs with spongy tissues. Leaves basal, attenuate, often with conspicuous cross- 
nerves. Scapes simple, ridged, each subtended by a sheathing bract. Heads of various 
