244 BROMELIACEAE 
perianth white or pale blue ; tube straight or slightly curved, 7-8 mm. long ; lobes shorter 
than the tube: anthers various, the 2 upper oval, the lower linear or nearly so and on 
a larger filament. 
In shallow water or muddy places, Connecticut to Kansas, Louisiana, Texas and South America. 
Spring to fall. MUD PLANTAIN. 
2. PONTEDERIA L. 
Herbs, with horizontal rootstocks. Stems simple, nearly naked. Leaves few : blades 
leathery, many-nerved. Spike subtended by a bract-like spathe, many-flowered. Flowers 
ephemeral. Perianth corolla-like, blue or white, 2-lipped ; upper lip with 3 rather broad 
lobes ; lower lip with 3 narrow lobes. Stamens 6, very unequally adnate to the perianth- 
tube: filaments filiform: anthers introrse, nearly versatile. Ovary 3-celled, 2 of the 
cavities empty: style filiform, sometimes elongated. Utricle 1-celled, surrounded by the 
accrescent base of the perianth. Seed solitary. 
1. Pontederia cordàta L. Foliage mostly glabrous. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, simple, 
or branching at the base: leaves erect; petioles elongated, sheathing at the base, those of 
the stem much shorter than those of the basal leaves; blades ovate to lanceolate, 10-20 em. 
long, obtuse, entire, cordate or somewhat sagittate at the base: spike minutely glandular: 
perianth bright blue or white, 10-15 mm. long; tube curved; lobes oblong to linear, 
shorter than the tube, the middle one with two yellow spots near the base within : stamens 
and style colored like the perianth : seeds oblong-ovoid, 3 mm. long. 
On borders of streams, ponds and in swamps, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Florida and Texas. Spring - 
tofal. PICKEREL-WEED. WAMPEE. 
3. PIAROPUS Raf. 
Herbs, with floating rootstocks copiously root-bearing at the nodes. Leaves clustered 
at the nodes, more or less emersed : petioles slender or inflated: blades commonly widely 
dilated. Flowers sessile, solitary, or in terminal spikes or racemes on scaly. peduncles. 
Perianth showy : members 6, in 2 series, united into a tube below, the limb oblique. Stamens 
6, irregularly adnate to the perianth, 3 included, 3 exserted : filaments sometimes flattened 
at the base. Ovary 3-celled : stigma terminal. Ovules numerous. Capsule included in 
the withering-persistent perianth, loculicidal. Seeds many-ribbed. [Kichornia Kunth.] 
1. Piaropus crássipes (Mart.) Britton. Floating or rooting in the mud. Foliage 
glabrous below: leaves erect, or ascending ; petioles elongated, wholly or partly inflated or 
sometimes gradually tapering from the base ; blades 3-8 cm. in diameter, ovate to orbicu- 
lar or nearly reniform, leathery : scapes 1-4 dm. tall, simple: spadix glandular-pubescent : 
perianth showy, bluish purple ; tube curved, about 1.5-2 cm. long; lobes suborbicular or 
obovate, longer than the tube, the upper one with a yellow center. 
In slow streams and lakes, Florida, introduced and often troublesome, and tropical America. 
WATER HYACINTH. WAMPEE. 
FAMILY 6. BROMELIACEAE J. St. Hil. PINE-APPLE FAMILY. 
Epiphytie or rarely terrestrial rigid or pendent caulescent herbs, with scurfy 
foliage, or sometimes glabrous. Leaves various, sometimes mainly basal, filiform 
or with dilated blades, elongated, entire, or coarsely spiny-toothed. Flowers 
perfect, regular, solitary or usually in spikes, commonly subtended by conspic- 
uous bracts. Perianth white or green, or of deeper colors. Sepals 3, distinct or 
partially united. Petals 8, often narrowed into claws, distinct or partially united. 
Androecium of 3-6 stamens. Anthersintrorse. Gynoecium a superior or inferior 
3-celled pistil. Styles united. Stigmas 3 or 3-lobed. Ovules numerous in each 
cavity, anatropous. Fruita berry or a3-valved capsule. Seeds stalked. Embryo 
minute at the base of the mealy endosperm. 
Style filiform: stalk of the seed erect: seed erect, pointed. 
Stems string-like, pendent: flowers solitary : inflorescence axillary : stamens 3-6. 1. DENDROPOGON. 
Stems rigid, not pendent: flowers in spikes: inflorescence terminal: stamens 6. 2. TILLANDSIA. 
Style wanting or nearly so: stalk of seed incurved: seed ascending, tipped by a 
blunt coma. 3. CATOPSIS. 
1. DENDROPOGON Raf. 
Delicate, chiefly epiphytes, with silvery-scurfy foliage. Stems string-like, branching, 
pendent, elongated. Leaves scattered, without distinction of blade and petiole, linear- 
