BROMELIACEAE 247 
5-40 cm. long: bracts ovate-oblong, boat-like, erect or appressed: sepals leathery, elliptic 
or linear-elliptic, 14-15 mm. long: petals nearly twice as long as the sepals, blue : capsules 
cylindric-prismatic, about 4 em. long, acute.  [ T. angustifolia Sw. ] 
In river swamps and hammocks, Florida. Also in tropical America. 
12. Tillandsia utriculata L. Deep green beneath the scurfy coating. Stems 3-10 
dm. long, simple or usually branched, curved: leaves numerous, mainly basal; blades 
shorter than the stem, nearly flat, attenuate from the dilated saccate imbricated bases ; 
these 2-10 cm. broad ; stem-leaves wholly clasping, without spreading tips: rachis of the 
inflorescence zigzag: bracts oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long: sepals deep green, 
oblong or elliptic-obovate, 15-20 mm. long: petals erect, ivory-white or slightly cream- 
colored : capsules twice or thrice as long as the bracts. [T. flexuosa Sw. ] 
In hammocks, swamps or about the margins of ponds, Florida. Also in tropical America. 
13. Tillandsia aloifólia Hook.  Pale-scurfy. Stems 3-8 dm. tall., slender, glabrous: 
usually branched above: leaves numerous, densely clustered at the base of the stem ; blades 
rather gradually contracted into spreading or recurved tips: stem-leaves sheathing, much 
reduced, without spreading tips: spikes interrupted, rather few-flowered, the branches as- 
cending or spreading : bracts and flowers more or less spreading, not at all appressed : sepals 
parchment-like, narrowly elliptie, 2-2.5 cm. long, obtuse, prominently nerved: petals 
white, pink or purple: capsules cylindric, 5 cm. long, acute. 
Near the coast, commonly in hammocks, Florida. Also in tropical America. 
3. CATOPSIS Griseb 
Epiphytic caulescent herbs, with glabrate or scurfy foliage. Leaves mainly basal: 
blades tapering, entire, much reduced on the stem. Spikes straight or zigzag. Sepals 3, 
erect, imbricated. Petals 3, rarely twice as long as the sepals, distinct, or slightly coherent. 
Stamens 6, included: filaments narrow. Style wanting or nearly so: stigmas 3. Ovules 
numerous in each cavity. Capsule septicidal. Seeds ascending, on incurved stalks, each 
tipped by a blunt often several times folded tuft of hairs. 
1. Catopsis Berteroniana (Schult.) Mez. Perennial, light green. Stems 3-9 dm. 
long, simple or corymbosely branched above: leaves many, mainly crowded at the base of 
the stem, pale green, 1-4 dm. long; blades lanceolate or ovate at the base, attenuate, much 
shorter than the stem: bracts remote, ovate or oval, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse: sepals oval or 
suborbicular, longer than the bractlets: petals white, oblong or ovate-oblong, about as 
long as the sepals or shorter, persistent: stamens shorter than the petals: capsules ovoid, 
6-10 mm. long, exserted, abruptly pointed. [C. nutans Chapm., not Griseb. ] 
On trees, peninsular Florida, and in tropical America. 
Order 9. LILIALES. 
Relatively fleshy, or grass-like or sedge-like herbs, rarely vines or trees. 
Leaves various, mostly with flat blades, sometimes scale-like or terete. Flowers 
perfect, polygamous or dioecious, complete, regular, or in a few cases irregular. 
Perianth of 3 or 6 members, these more or less readily distinguishable into calyx 
and corolla, sometimes partially united. Gynoecium of 3 or rarely 2 united 
carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit various, commonly a capsule or a 
berry, sometimes berry-like. Endosperm flesh or horny. 
Styles present, distinct or united: stigmas terminal. 
Styles distinct : capsule septicidal and rarely also loculicidal. Fam. 1. MELANTHACEAE. 
Styles united, often very short or obsolete during anthesis: capsule 
primarily loculicidal. 
Sepals and petals beet i 
Sepals and petals not chaffy. 
Herbs with bulbs, corms or rootstocks. 
Plants with bulbs or corms. 
Flowers in umbels, at first included in and later subtended 
Fam. 2. JUNCACEAE. 
by a scarious involucre. ` am. 3. ALLIACEAE. 
Flowers solitary or racemose, without an involucre. Fam. 4. LILIACEAE. 
Plants with elongated rootstocks. Fam. 5. CONVALLARIACEAE. 
Shrubby plants with woody caudices, or trees. Fam. 6. DRACAENACEAE. 
Styles wanting : stigmas introrse, sometimes elongated. 
Flowers perfect. x 
Gynoecium 3-carpellary : fruit a berry. Fam. 7. TRILLIACEAE. 
Gynoecium 2-carpellary : fruit a capsule. Fam. 8. ROXBURGHIACEAE. 
Flowers dioecious. Fam. 9. SMILACACEAE. 
