256 JUNCACEAE 
2. Juncus gymnocarpus Coville. Plants 3-8 dm. high. Scapes arising at intervals 
from a proliferous rootstock about 3 mm. thick: leaf-sheaths basal, bladeless: inflo- 
rescence appearing lateral, 15-30 mm. high, spreading, its bract 1-2.5 dm. long: flowers 
perfect : perianth rather less than 2 mm. long: sepals and petals nearly equal, ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate : sepals apiculate, with firmer bodies than the obtuse petals : stamens 6, 
nearly as long as the perianth ; anthers shorter than the filaments: capsules ovoid, 2-2.5 
mm. long, about twice as long as the perianth, prominently apiculate, shining, barely 
dehiscent. 
In swamps, eastern Pennsylvania and northern Florida. Spring and summer. 
3. Juncus Roemerianus Scheele. Plants 5-12 dm. high. Scapes arising from 
scaly horizontal rootstocks 5-10 mm. thick : leaf-sheaths basal, bearing erect blades re- 
sembling the stem and of about the same length : inflorescence appearing lateral, 6-15 cm. 
high, diffuse, its bract 10-25 em. long : flowers usually dioecious : heads 2-6-flowered: peri- 
anth 2-3.5 mm. long: sepals linear-oblong, acuminate: petals shorter and blunt pointed : 
stamens 6, or in pistillate plants reduced to staminodia : capsules brown, 3-celled, about as 
long as the perianth, narrowly obovoid, obtuse or truncate, mucronate: placenta thick 
and spongy, about 4 as broad as the valve. 
In brackish marshes, New Jersey to Floridaand Texas. Spring. 
4. Juncus bufonius L. Plants branching from the base, seldom over 20 cm. high. 
Stems in robust plants with 1-2 leaves: leaf-blades 0.2-1 mm. wide, in larger plants 
flat, in depauperate ones filiform-involute : inflorescence about J the height of the plant : 
flowers inserted singly on its branches: sepals and petals 4-7 mm. long, lanceolate, 
acuminate: stamens usually 6, seldom 4 as long as the perianth ; anthers shorter than 
the filaments : capsules 3-celled, about 3 as long as the perianth, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 
mucronate: seeds broadly oblong with straight apiculations, 0.35-0.5 mm. long, finely 
reticulated in 30-40 longitudinal rows, the areolae broader than long. 
About dried-up pools and on roadsides, throughout North America, except the extreme north. 
Also eosmopolitan. Spring and summer. 
5. Juncus trifidus L. Plants densely tufted, 1-3dm. high. Stemsclosely set on stout 
rootstocks, about 0.5 mm. thick : basal leaves reduced to almost bladeless sheaths, the 
uppermost with a rudimentary blade and fimbriate auricles; stem-leaf solitary, just below 
the inflorescence, with a narrower flat or involute blade: inflorescence a cluster of 1-3 
flowers, the lowest bract resembling the upper leaf, the succeeding one much smaller or 
obsolete: perianth dark brown, 2.5-3 mm. long : stamens 6; anthers about as long as the 
filaments : capsules leathery, about as long as the perianth, obovoid, with a mucronate- 
aristate top: seeds few, narrowly obovoid, irregularly angled, minutely striate. 
In sterile or stony soil, Greenland and Labrador, to the higher mountains of New England, New 
York and North Carolina. Alsoin northern Europe and Asia. Summer. 
6. Juncus Gerárdi Lois. Plants copiously tufted, 2-6 dm. high, from horizontal 
rootstocks. Stems not bulbous-thickened at the base: basal leaves with loosely clasping 
auriculate sheaths, the blades mostly 1-2 dm. long, less than 2 mm. wide, flat or involute 
in drying ; stem-leaves 1 or 2, similar to the basal, but with shorter blades : inflorescence 
panieulate, often overtopped by the lowest bract: panicle erect: perianth about 2 mm. 
long: sepals and petals oblong, obtuse, with green midribs and dark brown margins, or 
straw-colored in age: stamens 6, barely exceeded by the perianth ; anthers much longer 
than the filaments : capsules 1-3 longer than the perianth, obovoid, 3-celled, mucronate, 
dark brown, shining. 
On salt meadows, Gulf of St. Lawrence to Virginia, and Florida (according to Engelmann), and 
aboutthe Great Lakes. Also in Europe. Spring and summer. 
7. Juncus secüudus Beauv. Plants tufted, 1-4 dm. high. Leaves basal, usually 
less than J the height of the plant: inflorescence longer than its lowest bract, or only 
slightly exceeded by it, 3-8 em. high : flowers secund on the strongly ascending and usually 
somewhat incurved branches: perianth 2.5-3.5 mm. long: sepals and petals lanceolate or 
broadly lanceolate, acute, equalling or barely exceeding the capsule and appressed to it 
for about $ their length : stamens 6, about 3 as long as the perianth ; anthers slightly 
longer than the filaments : capsule oval, 3-sided above the middle, with straight sides and. 
a truncate apex, completely 3-celled : seeds narrowly oblong to ovoid, obliquely tipped, 
0.28-0.37 mm. long. 
In dry or sandy soil, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania to North Carolina. Spring and summer. 
8. Juncus intérior Wiegand. Plants 5-10 dm. high, light green. Leaves basal, 
several ; blades about 4 the length of the scape, 1-1.25 mm. wide, sometimes involute : 
scapes grooved : inflorescence 3-10 cm. long, many-flowered, the branches ascending: 
flowers scattered, rather distant: perianth straw-colored, 3-4 mm. long: sepals and petals 
