262 ALLIACEAE 
toothed bractlets: capsules usually about } longer than the perianth: seeds with a con- 
spicuous hooked caruncle at the top. [Luzula Carolinae S. Wats. ] 
In woods, New Brunswick to Alaska, Georgia, Tennessee, Michigan and Oregon. Also in Europe 
and Asia. Spring. 
2. Juncoides echinàtum Small. Base of the plants not bulblet-bearing. Foliage 
webby-pubescent: stems 2.5-5 dm. tall: inflorescence umbel-like, subtended by a leaf- 
like braet : peduncles conspicuously unequal, each terminated by an oblong or a cylindric 
spike: sepals and petals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, greenish or pale brown, acuminate, 
soft and hyaline at the tip : capsules obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, manifestly longer than thick, 
much surpassed by the sepals and petals. [Luzula campestris Chapm. in part, not DC. } 
In woodlands, North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
3. Juncoides bulbósum (Wood) Small. Base of the plants accompanied by bulb- 
lets. Foliage almost glabrous or somewhat webby on the leaf-margins and at the tops of 
the sheaths: stems 1-4 dm. tall, usually lower than those of J. echinatum : inflorescence 
umbel-like, the peduncles very unequal at maturity : sepalsand petals ovate-lanceolate or 
lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, brownish, acuminate, neither manifestly soft nor hyaline at 
the apex : capsules broadly obovoid, or globose-obovoid, often nearly as thick as long, sur- 
passing the sepals or sometimes about equalling them. 
In woods, thickets and open sandy places, Virginia to Kansas, Georgia and Texas. Spring. 
FAMILY 3. ALLIACEAE Batsch. ONION FAMILY. 
Perennial mainly scapose herbs, with bulbs or corms. Leaves basal or more 
rarely cauline: blades narrow. Flowers in terminal umbels, which are at first 
enveloped in and finally subtended by a scarious involucre. Perianth sometimes 
conspicuous. Sepals and petals 3 each, quite similar in shape, usually mem- 
branous, distinct or partially united. Androecium of 6 stamens. Filaments 
usually distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 
superior, 3-celled. Styles united. Ovules 1-several in each cavity. Fruit a 
loculicidal capsule, 3-lobed, sometimes crested. 
Sepals and petals distinct or nearly so. ; 
Ovules or seeds 10r 2 in each cavity : plants with an onion-like odor. 
Ovules 2 in each cavity : scape or stem accompanied by leaves. 1. ALLIUM. 
Ovule 1 in each cavity : seape not accompanied by leaves. 2. VALIDALLIUM. 
Ovules or seeds several in each cavity : plants destitute of an onion-like odor. 3. NOTHOSCORDIUM. 
Sepals and petals united to about the middle. 4. ANDROSTEPHIUM. 
1. ÁLLIUM L. 
Characteristically odorous herbs, with solitary or clustered bulbs. Leaves basal or 
mainly so: blades narrow, sometimes hollow or keeled, several. Scapes or stems simple, 
often hollow. Flowers perfect, in terminal usually simple umbels subtended by 2-3 thin 
bracts. Perianths of various colors, often white, pink, green or purple, persistent : sepals 
and petals distinct or nearly so. Stamens 6, adnate to the bases of the sepals and petals : 
filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes toothed : anthers opening introrsely. Ovary sessile 
or nearly so, more or less completely 3-celled: style filiform, jointed: stigma somewhat 
depressed. Ovules2 in each cavity. Capsule membranous, loculicidal. Onron. GARLIC. 
Bulbs with membranous outer coats. 
Umbels horizontal or nodding during anthesis. 
Perianth campanulate, mostly white or pink : sepals acute. 1. A. cernuum. 
Perianth urn-shaped, mostly deep purple : sepals obtuse or notched. 2. A. Allegheniense. 
Umbels erect. 
Caulescent: naturalized species. 3. A. vineale. 
Scapose: Texano-Mexican species. 4. A. scaposum. 
Bulbs with fibrous outer coats. 
Sepals and petals obtuse or notched : flowers mostly replaced by bulblets. 
Umbels simple. 5. A. Canadense. 
Umbels 1-2-proliferous. 6. A. continuum. 
Sepals and petals acute or acuminate: flowers rarely replaced by bulblets. 
Ovary and valves of the capsule not crested. 
Pedicels 16-25 mm, long. : 
Sepals and petals 5-7 mm. long: bulbs mostly over 2 cm. long. 7. A. mutabile. — 
Sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long : bulbs mostly less than 1.5 em. long. 8. A. microscordion. 
Pedicels 8-12 mm. long. 
Bulbs usually solitary; tbe outer coats with loosely woven fibers: : 
sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long. 9. A. arenicola. 
Bulbs usually 2 together ; the outer coats with tightly woven fibers: " 
sepals and petals 6-7 mm. Jong. 10. A. Helleri. 
Ovary and valves of the capsule crested. 11. A. Cuthbertii. 
