266 LILIACEAE 
Flower or flowers erect: sepals and petals narrowed into claws. 
Leaves erect or nearly so, all alternate: sepals and petals long-acuminate. 1. L. Catesbaci. 
Leaves spreading, some alternate: sepals and petals merely acute, or obtuse. 
Leaves mostly alternate: capsules cylindric, over 5 em. long. 2. L. umbellatum. 
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Leaves mostly whorled: capsules obovoid, less than 5 em. long. 
Flower or flowers horizontal or nodding: sepals and petals without claws. 
Leaf-blades finely roughened on the margins and nerves beneath: sepals and 
petals not recurved. 
. Philadelphicum. 
Sepals and petals erect, abruptly pointed: flowers horizontal. 4, L. Grayi. 
Sepals and petals spreading at the middle, acuminate: flowers nodding. 5. L. Canadense. 
Leaf-blades smooth: sepals and petals recurved. 
Foliage green : leaf-blades broadest below the middle. 6. L. superbum. 
Foliage glaucous: leaf-blades broadest above the middle. 7. L. Carolinianum. 
1. Lilium Catesbaéi Walt. Bulbs with narrow scales often prolonged into slender 
tips: stems 3-8 dm. tall, simple: leaves alternate, erect or nearly so; blades linear or 
narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, fleshy : flowers solitary, erect: perianth mainly 
scarlet : sepals and petals 8-12 cm. long ; blades lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, conspicu- 
ously acuminate, undulate, spotted with purple and yellow, longer than the involute claw : 
capsules oblong or obovoid-oblong, 1.5-2 cm. long. 
In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Summer. 
2. Lilium umbellàtum Pursh. Bulbs with stout scales: stems 3-8 dm. tall, sim- 
ple: leaves alternate or those under the inflorescence whorled ; blades linear, 3-8 cm. 
long, ascending or spreading, pale beneath: flowers erect, solitary or 3 in a terminal 
whorl: perianth red, orange or yellow: sepals and petals 5-8 cm. long ; blades elliptic to 
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, narrowed into shorter claws: capsules 
cylindric, 7-10 em. long. 
In dry soil, Minnesota to North west Territory, Ohio, Arkansas and Colorado. Spring and summer. 
3. Lilium Philadélphicum L. Bulbs with stout scales : stems 3-9 dm. tall, simple, 
at least below the inflorescence : leaves in whorls of 3’s or 8's or alternate on the upper 
part of stem ; blades linear to narrowly elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both 
ends, rough-margined : flowers solitary, or rarely 4 in a whorl: perianth mainly reddish 
orange: sepals and petals 5-6 cm. long; blades oblong, elliptic or oval, spotted with pur- 
ple below the middle, longer than the claws, obtuse or abruptly pointed: capsules obo- 
void, 2-4 em. long. 
. , In open woods or rocky soil, Maine and Ontario to the mountains of North Carolina and West Vir- 
ginia. Summer. 
4. Lilium Grayi S. Wats. Bulbs with many thick scales: stem 5-10 dm. tall, sim- 
ple or topped by an umbel : leaves whorled in 3’s-8’s or scattered on the lower part of the 
stem ; blades lanceolate to oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 
slightly roughened on the edges, sessile, minutely roughened on the nerves beneath : 
flowers solitary or 3 at top of the stem, horizontal or nearly so: perianth mostly red: 
sepals and petals oblong-spatulate, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, acute or abruptly pointed : capsules 
fig-shaped, 3-4 cm. long. 
On high mountain peaks, Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer. 
5. Lilium Canadénse L. Bulbs stout, with numerous thick scales : stems 6-15 dm. 
tall, more or less branched above, strict or slightly zigzag: leaves in whorls of 4's-10's or 
scattered at the base or the top of stem; blades linear to oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5-15 
cm. long, acute or acuminate, roughened on the margins and nerves beneath : flowers sol- 
itary or as many as 16: perianth red or yellowish, often variegated, usually spotted : sepals 
and petals broadest at or above the middle, 4.5-7.5 em. long: capsules oblong-prismatic, 
3-5 em. long. 
In meadows and swamps, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia, Alabama and Missouri. Summer. 
WILD YELLOW LILY. 
6. Lilium supérbum L. Bulbs large, with thick scales : stems 9-25 dm. tall, strict, 
shining: leaves in whorls of 3's-8's or alternate on the upper part of the stem; blades 
elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or nearly linear, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate at both ends, 
smooth, without conspicuously anastomosing veins, sessile or nearly so : pedicels spread- 
ing: flowers showy, 3-40: perianth orange, red or orange-yellow, nodding: sepals and 
petals linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 em. long, recurving from below the mid- 
ae at maturity, usually spotted with purple: capsules oblong or obovoid-oblong, 3-5 cm. 
ong. 
In swamps or meadows, Maine to Minnesota, Georgia and Tennessee. Summer. TuRK’s CAP LILY. 
7. Lilium Carolinianum Michx. Bulbs solitary or several together, with thick scales : 
foliage glabrous: stems 6-12 dm. tall, simple or topped by a 3-rayed umbel: leaves in 
whorls of 3's-8's or scattered at the base or top of the stem, or often all scattered ; blades 
obovate, elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate, 3-12 em. long, abruptly pointed or acuminate, 
gradually narrowed to the sessile base, 3-nerved : flowers nodding, fragrant: perianth 
