LILIACEAE 267 
orange-red, 4-8 cm. long, very showy : sepals and petals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8- 
10 cm. long, spotted with purple, strongly recurved from below the middle, the tips often 
converging on the base of the perianth, the midrib winged beneath: capsules obovoid. 
In open woods, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 
3. ERYTHRONIUM L. 
Low herbs, with deeply buried membranous-coated corms, sometimes producing off- 
shoots. Stems chiefly underground, simple. Leaves 2 at the top of the stems and appearing 
basal: blades thickish, flat, spreading, sheathing at the base. Flowers perfect. Perianth 
often showy, nodding, solitary, or rarely several flowers together : sepals and petals narrow, 
each with a nectar-bearing groove at the base. Stamens 6, hypogynous: filaments shorter 
than the perianth : anthers narrow, erect. Ovary 3-celled: style filiform or thickened 
upward, 3-lobed or 3-cleft at the apex.  Ovules several or numerous in each cavity. 
Capsule slightly elongated, 3-celled, loculicidal. Seeds flattened. Doa’s-roorn VIOLET. 
New corms produced at the base of the old ones: sepals and petals erect or only slightly spreading: 
1. E. mesachoreum: 
New corms produced at the ends of offshoots: sepals and petals recurved. 
Perianth white, pink or purplish within: styles united to above the middle, 
topped by 3 spreading stigmas. 2. E. albidum. 
Perianth yellow within : styles wholly united : stigma terminal. 3. E. Americanum. 
1. Erythronium mesachóreum Knerr. Corms ovoid, 2-3 cm. long, with large mem- 
branous coats, not producing offshoots but the new bulb forming at the base of the old one 
or within its coats. Leaves 2; blades oblong to linear-oblong, 8-18 cm. long, deep green, 
not mottled, commonly involutely folded, narrowed into petiole-like bases: scapes 1-3 
dm. tall, simple: perianth nodding : sepals and petals linear to linear-lanceolate, 2.5-4 
em. long, white, sometimes tinted with lavender, erect, barely spreading, not recurved : 
stigmas recurved : capsules obovoid, 2-3 cm. long. 
On prairies, Iowa to Nebraska, and the Indian Territory. Winter and early spring. 
2. Erythronium álbidum Nutt. Corms ovoid, 1-2 cm. long. Leaves apparently 
basal; blades oblong to elliptic, 5-15 em. long, acute, mottled with light and dark green, 
or of only one shade of green, narrowed into petiole-like bases: scapes 1-3 dm. tall, 
overtopping the leaves, slender: perianth white, pink or purplish, nodding : sepals and 
petals linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-3.5 cm. long, recurved, destitute of auricles : stigmas 
3, linear, 2-3 mm. long: capsules oblong or oblong-obovoid, 1-2 cm. long. 
In thickets and on hillsides, Ontario to Minnesota, Georgia and Texas. Spring.—A form from 
ME TES ee with the sepals and petals suffused with rose-purple or red is known as E. albidum colord- 
3. Erythronium Americanum Ker. Corms ovoid, 1-2.5 em. long. Leaves ap- 
parently basal, usually 2; blades oblong to elliptic, 10-15 cm. long, acute, commonly 
mottled above, lustrous on both sides, entire, sheathing at the base: scapes 1-3 dm. 
tall, simple: peduncles more or less glaucous, simple: perianth-members various, 3-3.5 
em. long ; sepals linear-lanceolate, glaucous without, greenish yellow within ; petals linear- 
elliptic, pale yellow, the midvein green without, all spotted within below the middle: 
stigma terminal, slightly lobed: capsules broadly obovoid, or fig-shaped, 1-1.5 cm. long. 
In thickets and moist woods, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Arkansas. Spring: 
4. QUAMASIA Raf. 
Scapose herbs, with coated edible bulbs. Leaves basal: blades narrow, elongated. 
Scape solitary, simple. Raceme terminal, cylindric. Pedicels subtended by narrow 
bracts. Flowers perfect. Perianth white, blue or purple: sepals and petals 6, distinct, 
equal, 3-8-nerved. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of perianth-members: filaments fili- 
form: anthers narrow, versatile, introrse. Ovary 3-celled: style filiform: stigma 
3-lobed. Ovules numerous in each cavity. Capsule about as broad as long, 3-angled, 
loculicidal. Seeds black, lustrous. [Camassia Lindl. ] 
1. Quamasia hyacinthina ( Raf.) Britton. Bulbs ovoid or subglobose, 2-3 cm. long : 
leaves basal; blades narrowly linear, acuminate, 2-5 dm. long, entire: scapes 3-6 dm. 
tall, overtopping the leaves, wholly naked or rarely with 1 or 2 reduced leaves: racemes 
8-20 cm. long or longer at maturity, showy: pedicels spreading, 1-1.5 cm. long: bracts 
slender, membranous: perianth blue or rarely white, about as long as the pedicel : sepals 
and petals oblong, sometimes narrowly so, obtuse, several-nerved : capsules 3-angled, 7-8 
mm. long, broader than high. [Camassia Fraseri Torr. ] 
In thickets and meadows, Pennsylvania to Minnesota, Georgia and Texas. Spring. WILD HYA- 
CINTH, 
