ORCHIDACEAE 317 
oblong, longer than the petals, erose or crenulate: spur straight, longer than the lip. 
[ Gymnadenia flava (Nutt. ) Lindl. ] 
In pine-land swamps, New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana, Summer, 
11. GYROSTACHYS Pers. 
Herbs, with tuberous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Stems more or less completely clothed 
with the sheathing leaf-bases. Leaves alternate, sometimes mainly basal, those on the 
upper part of the stem reduced to sheathing scales. Flowers in terminal spiral spikes of 
1-3 rows. Perianth not showy. Sepals distinct or coherent at the top or united to the 
nearly similar lateral petals. Lip concave, erect, sessile or contracted into a claw, bearing 
2 callosities near the base. Column oblique from the top of the ovary, arched, merely ad- 
herent to the lip and often embraced by it. Anther erect, the back of the column without 
a lid. Pollen-masses one in each sac. Stigma prolonged into a beak and 2-cleft, covering 
the anther, stigmatic beneath. Capsules erect. [Spiranthes L. C. Rich. ] LADIES’ TRESSES. 
Flowers alternate, forming a one-sided spike by the twisting of the rachis. 
Lip oblong or nearly so. 
Leaves with blades at the base of the stem or near it, fugacious ; blades oblong, elliptic or ovate. 
Lip white: root solitary. 1. G. simplex. 
Lip green in the middle: roots several. 2. G. gracilis. 
Leaves with blades extending up the stem, persistent; blades linear. 
Lateral sepals lanceolate. 3. G. praecox. 
Lateral sepals narrowly linear-lanceolate. 
Lip laciniate near the tip. 4. G. laciniata. 
Lip merely crisped or erose. . 
Braets scarious-margined, ovate: lower leaves with very narrow 
elongated blades and narrow bases. 5. G. lincaris. 
Braets not scarious-margined, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate: lower 
leaves with relatively short and broad blades and broad loose 
i sheathing bases. 6. G. xyridifolia. 
Lip ovate to rhombic. 
Leaves with blades only 1 or 2, or none: Floridian species. 7. G. brevifolia. 
Leaves with blades 3-6: Texan species. 8. G. Reverchonii. 
Flowers 2-ranked, forming a cylindric spike: rachis barely twisted. 
Lip merely crisped at the apex, not lobed. 
Lip oblong or nearly so. 
Lip less than 5.5 mm. long. 9. G. parviflora. 
Lip over 6 mm. long. 
Lip with a cuneate base and 2 stout reflexed callosities. 
Corolla white: spike blunt: the lower braets shorter than the 
corollas. 10. G. cernua. 
Corolla yellowish: spike acute: the lower bracts longer than the 
i corollas. 11. G. ochroleuca. 
. Lip with a truncate base and 2 small spreading callosities. 12. G. plantaginea. 
Lip with a dilated base or both base and apex dilated. 
Upper part of the lip oblong at least not dilated. 13. G. odorata. 
Lid ad rede of the lip dilated. 
af-blades linear: dilated upper portion of ap oval or suborbicular. 14. G. vernalis. 
í Leaf-blades broader : dilated upper portion of lip ovate. 15. G. constricta. 
Lip 3-lobed at the apex. 16. G. triloba. 
1. Gyrostachys simplex (A. Gray) Kuntze. Root solitary, tuber-like : stems very 
slender, 1-3 dm. tall, furnished with few often deciduous scales: leaf-blades ovate or 
oblong, 1-3 cm. long, disappearing before flowering time: spike slender, 1-5 cm. long, 
5-8 mm. thick, glabrous: perianth white, 2-3 mm. long: lip broadly oblong, 2.5-3 mm. 
long, crisped at the apex, with a short claw-like base and 2 basal nipple-like callosities : 
capsules 4-5 mm. long. 
In sandy soil, Massachusetts to Florida. Summer and fall. 
2. Gyrostachys grácilis (Bigel.) Kuntze. Roots coarse, clustered: stems scape-like, 
2-6 dm. tall, glabrous or pubescent above, furnished with remote clasping scales: leaf- 
blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, short-petioled : spike slender, 
3-15 em. long, 8-10 mm. thick : perianth white, 4-5 mm. long : lip shorter than the sepals, 
oblong, undulate or crenulate near the apex, green in the centre, otherwise hyaline and 
Min with 2 nipple-shaped callosities at the truncate base : capsules slightly curved, 4-5 
m. long. 
and aoe woods and on slopes, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Florida, Louisiana and Kansas. Summer 
- Gyrostachys praécox (Walt.) Kuntze. Roots tuberous, several: stems 2-8 dm. 
tall, leafy to the top: leaf-blades linear, attenuate from the narrow sheathing base, or some- 
times slightly dilated toward the middle, 5-30 cm. long, or reduced to sheathing scales 
above: spike spirally twisted, 3-10 cm. long: bracts more or less imbricated: perianth 
whitish or yellowish, pubescent without, 6-8 mm. long, curved and slightly nodding : 
