332 JUGLANDACEAE 
ina cavity, orthotropous or half-anatropous. Fruit a collection of winged 
achenes subtended by the accrescent bracts. Seed solitary, with a membranous 
testa. Embryo straight, with equal flat cotyledons. 
FAMILY 1. CASUARINAÀCEAE Lindl. Brrerwoop FAMILY. 
Characters of the order. 
1. CASUARINA Adans. 
The only genus. BEEFWooD. 
1. Casuarina equisetifdlia Forst. A tree often M0 m. high, with numerous very slender 
Equisetum-like branchlets. Scales (leaves) appressed, or the older ones recurved, 1-3 mm. 
long, acute, ciliate, 6-8 in a whorl at each node, their ribs decurrent as ridges on the 
branches and branchlets: staminate spikes slender, terminal, 1-4 cm. long ; bracts appressed 
and imbricated : stamens exserted : pistillate spikes subglobose on lateral peduncles 1-2 
em. long: fruiting heads globose or oblong, 1-2 cm. in diameter: seeds 2 mm. long, pale, 
with the wing 5 mm. long. 
In sand, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Spring and summer. A native of the East, 
now widely distributed in the tropics. 
Order 3. JUGLANDALES. 
Monoecious aromatic very valuable timber trees, with a close or scaly resi- 
nous bark, and almost naked or scaly buds. Leaves alternate, exstipulate : blades 
pinnately compound, or rarely entire or toothed. Staminate flowers in lateral 
aments, arising from the twigs of the preceding or present year: perianth an 
irregularly 2-6-lobed calyx, which is sometimes united to a bract, or wanting : 
androecium of several rows of stamens inserted on the calyx ; filaments distinct ; 
anther-sacs opening lengthwise. Pistillate flowers solitary or clustered, terminal, 
consisting of an incompletely 2—4-celled ovary, subtended by an involucre com- 
posed of a more or less united bract and 2 lateral bractlets: calyx of 1 or sev- 
eral parts inserted on the ovary : style or stigmas terminal, the latter sometimes 
plumose: ovule solitary, orthotropous, erect. Fruit drupe-like, the hard or 
fibrous dehiscent or indehiscent husk enclosing a crustaceous or bony smooth or 
sculptured nut. Seed oily, with a membranous testa. Endosperm wanting. 
Embryo large, with fleshy wrinkled often 2-lobed cotyledons. 
Famity 1. JUGLANDACEAE Lindl. WALNUT FAMILY. 
Characters of the order. 
Staminate aments stout, simple, sessile or short-stalked : husk indehiscent: nut sculptured. 1. JUGLANS. 
Staminate aments slender, branched, long-stalked : husk dehiscent: nut not sculptured. 2. HICORIA. 
1. JUGLANS L. 
Trees often subglobose in outline, with durable and aromatic wood, watery sap, and 
a furrowed resinous bark. Pith in plates. Leaflets conduplicate in vernation: blades 
membranous. Staminate aments solitary, simple, arising from the branchlets of the pre- 
ceding year, drooping : calyx 3-6-lobed : stamens in several rows: anthers glabrous, each 
surmounted by a conspicuous connective.  Pistillate flowers solitary or several in terminal 
spike-like clusters on the twigs of the present year: sepals adnate to the ovary : ovary in- 
ferior: stigmas plumose, spreading. Fruit globose or oblong-cylindric, sometimes obscurely 
angled: husk indehiscent, glabrous or glandular-hirsute : nut deeply sculptured, thick- 
walled. Seed with 2-lobed cotyledons. The plants flower in the spring and mature their 
fruit in the fall. 
Fruit elongated, viscid-pubescent : nut 4-angled, 2-celled below the middle: heart-wood light brown. 
1. J. cinerea. 
Fruit globose or subglobose, glabrous: nut not angled, 4-celled below the middle: 
heart-wood dark brown. 
