CORYLACEAE 343 
4-5 times as long as the glands : capsules conic, 5-10 cm. long, slender-beaked, loosely dis- 
posed. 
In swamps or on moist hillsides, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, North Carolina and Missouri. 
16. Salix trístis Ait. A low diffuse and very leafy shrub, usually much less than 1 m. 
high, with puberulent twigs. Leaf-blades oblanceolate, or linear-oblong, 2~5 cm. long, en- 
tire or undulate, slightly revolute, hoary-white on both sides, becoming glabrous and greenish 
above ; petioles about 2 mm. long or nearly wanting : aments expanding before the leaves, 
small, nearly globular during anthesis, the pistillate, at least, sometimes becoming 1.5 
em. long: stigmas red, sessile or almost so: capsules ovoid below the slender beak, 5-6 
mm. long, tomentulose, with pedicels twice the length of the bracts. 
In dry or barren soil, Nova Scotia? to Maine and Minnesota, Florida and Tennessee. 
17. Salix hümilis Marsh. <A branching shrub 1-2.5 m. high, the twigs brown, more 
or less pubescent. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, green 
above, whitish and puberulent beneath, entire or sparingly denticulate, slightly revolute, 
acute at both ends or sometimes rounded at the apex, distinctly petioled ; stipules lunate, 
acute, obscurely toothed : aments expanding before the leaves at least twice as long as 
thick during anthesis, sessile, often drooping ; bracts oblong, rounded at the apex, brown 
or black, clothed with long white hairs: style very short: stigmas thick: capsules nar- 
rowly conie, 7-8 mm. long, beaked, silky, on pedicels equal to or slightly longer than 
the bracts. 
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Nebraska, North Carolina and Tennessee. 
18. Salix purpurea L. A shrub or small tree, becoming 3.5 m. tall, with glabrous 
slender flexible twigs. Bark smooth, very bitter: leaf-blades oblong to oblanceolate or 
spatulate, 4-7 cm. long, serrulate toward the apex, veiny, deep green above, paler beneath, 
short-petioled, sometimes appearing nearly opposite: aments densely flowered, 2-5 cm. 
long, less than 1 cm. thick, sessile, cylindric, often curved ; bracts obtuse, black, hairy : 
staminate aments about 2 cm. long, the flowers monandrous by the union of the filaments and 
anthers, these purple, turning black: pistillate aments sessile or nearly so, 3-5 cm. long: 
capsules densely tomentose, ovoid-conic, obtuse, about 5 mm. long. 
Sparingly escaped from cultivation in the Atlantic States. Native of Europe. 
Order 7. FAGALES. 
Shrubs and trees, with hard wood and sometimes aromatic foliage. Leaves 
alternate: blades simple. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious, at least the 
staminate in aments, the pistillate sometimes surrounded by an involucre which 
becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Calyx usually present. Corolla wanting. Fruit 
a nut, or rarely a samara. Endosperm wanting. Embryo straight, with fleshy 
cotyledons, 
Staminate and pistillate flowers in aments: fruit never with a bur or a cup. 
Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, without a calyx: pistil- 
_late flowers with a calyx. Fam, 1, CORYLACEAE. 
Staminate flowers 2-3 together in the axil of each bract, each with a 
_ Calyx: pistillate flowers without a calyx. Fam. 2. BETULACEAE. 
Staminate flowers in aments : pistillate often solitary, the involucre becoming 
a bur or cup. Fam. 3. FAGACEAE. 
FAMILY 1. CORYLACEAE Mirbel  HAZEL-NUT FAMILY. 
Monoecious shrubs or trees, with a close-grained wood and a scaly or smooth 
bark. Leaves alternate, deciduous: blades simple, mostly doubly toothed, with 
straight parallel lateral nerves: stipules free, deciduous or caducous. Staminate 
aments usually elongated, drooping, with each bract subtending a single flower 
withoutacalyx. Filaments distinct, forked at the apex. Anthers erect, the sacs 
separated.  Pistillate aments short and stout, erect or ascending, their bracts 
imbricated, accrescent, foliaceous at maturity, each bearing 2-3 ovaries, with a 
calyx and an involucre formed by the union of a bractlet and 2 scales: styles 
filiform or subulate. Ovule solitary, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit of accres- 
cent bracts, each subtending or enclosing 1 or 3 nuts, Seed solitary by sup- 
pression, with a membranous testa. 
