352 FAGACEAE 
above, usually rusty-pubescent beneath and tufted in the axils or sometimes glabrate, the 
lobes and their teeth bristle-tipped ; petioles 1-6 cm. long: acorns sessile or nearly so ; 
cup turbinate or hemispheric-turbinate, 20-25 mm. broad, the scales coarse, appressed, 
nearly flat ; nut globose-oblong or obovoid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, abruptly pointed. [ Q. tinc- 
toria Michx. ] 
Inrocky or sandy soil, Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. BLACK OAK. QUERCITRON. 
17. Quercus digitàta ( Marsh.) Sudw. A forest tree, reaching a height of 40 m. and 
a trunk diameter of 1.5 m., the trunk clothed with a brown shallow-fissured bark. Leaf- 
blades ovate or oval in outline, pinnatifid above a rounded base into 3-7 flaring or scythe- 
shaped lobes, glabrate above, finely and usually densely tomentose beneath with yellow- 
ish-gray hairs, the lobes (and their teeth when present) bristle-tipped, the terminal one 
often conspicuously elongated ; petioles 2-4 cm. long : acorns short-peduncled ; cup saucer- 
shaped above a turbinate base, 15-18 mm. broad, the scales lightly appressed, obtuse or 
truncate at the apex ; nut subglobose, 1-1.5 cm. long. [Q. falcata Michx.] 
In sandy soil, New Jersey to Missouri, Florida and Texas. SPANISH OAK. RED OAK. 
18. Quercus pagodaefólia (Ell.) Ashe. A tree, becoming 32 m. tall, with a dark 
gray rough bark and spreading branches. Leaf-blades oval to oblong, 1.5-3 dm. long, 
broadly cuneate or nearly truncate at the base, dark green above, persistently white-tomen- 
tulose beneath, pinnately 5-13-lobed, the lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, mostly en- 
tire; petioles 3-6 cm. long: acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup shallow, with appressed scales ; 
nut subglobose, about 1 em. long, nearly one-half enclosed in the cup. 
In river swamps or low grounds, Virginia and Indiana to Missouri and Georgia. SPANISH OAK. 
19. Quercus nàna (Marsh.) Sarg. An intricately branched shrub, forming wide 
thickets, or sometimes a small tree reaching a height of 7 m., with a trunk diameter of 
2 dm., the stems clothed with asmooth gray or dark brown bark. Leaf-blades obovate or oval 
in outline, pinnatifid into triangular or ovate bristle-tipped lobes, deep green and shining 
above, white or pale gray-tomentose beneath ; petioles 1-2 cm. long: acorns short-pedun- 
cled or nearly sessile, often clustered ; cup saucer-shaped, 15-18 mm. broad, the scales ap- 
pressed ; nut ovoid, globose or depressed-globose, 10-15 mm. long, often striate. [Q. 
ilicifolia Wang. ] 
In sandy or rocky soil, Maine to Ohio, North Carolina and Kentucky. BEAR OAK. SCRUB OAK. 
20. Quercus myrtifólia Willd. A much branched evergreen shrub, or a small tree 
reaching a height of 6 m.,the trunk rarely 1 dm. in diameter, clothed with a smooth bark. 
Leaf-blades leathery, obovate or oval, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse or apiculate, entire, or sinuate- 
toothed on the shoots, glabrous and shining above, paler and dull beneath ; petioles 1-3 
mm. long: acorns sessile or nearly so; cup saucer-shaped, 10-13 mm. long, the scales 
closely appressed and imbricated ; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 1-1.4 cm. long, dark brown, 
often striate, pubescent at the apex. 
On sand ridges, chiefly near the coast, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 
21. Quercus pümila Walt. A low shrub, spreading extensively by the underground 
stems, the branches erect or ascending, 3-6 dm. tall or rarely 2 m. tall. Leaf-blades thickish, 
narrowly oblong, varying to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, obtuse or acute, 
often slightly revolute, usually bright green and shining above, finely tomentose or gla- 
brate beneath : acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup saucer-shaped, sometimes varying towards 
hemispherie, 12-15 mm. broad, the scales relatively large, flat, appressed ; nut ovoid, 
10-15 mm. long. 
On open sandy barrens, especially near the coast, North Carolina to Florida. RUNNING OAK. 
22. Quercus mínima (Sarg.) Small. .A low shrub, forming wide patches by the 
extensive spreading of its underground stems, the branches erect or ascending, less than 1 m. 
tall, solitary or several together. Leaf-blades obovate or sometimes oblong or oblanceolate, 
3-10 em. long, thickish, acute or apiculate, repand-toothed or the upper ones sometimes 
entire, those of the shoots often lobed, glabrous on both sides, or finely tomentose beneath ; 
petioles 2-5 mm. long : acorns solitary or several at the end of a short peduncle ; cup hemi- 
spheric, sometimes slightly constricted at tlie base, about 15 mm. broad, the scales appressed, 
thickened on the back, except near the edge ; nut ovoid or elliptic, 15-18 mm. long, dark 
brown, glabrous. [Q. virens var. dentata Chapm. ] 
In sandy sterile pine lands, chiefly near the coast, Florida. 
23. Quercus geminata Small. A shrub, or rarely a small tree, 3-4 m. tall, with a 
trunk diameter of 10-15 em., the bark pale or gray. Leaf-blades narrowly-oblong, elliptic 
or oblong-oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, entire, obtuse or apiculate, strongly revolute, mostly 
gradually narrowed at the base, rugose-reticulated, glabrous and parchment-like above, 
tinely tomentose beneath; petioles 2-6 mm. long : acorns usually 2 at the end of the peduncle 
