FAGACEAE 353 
varying from 1-4 cm. in length; cup turbinate, 10 mm. broad, tomentose, its scales appressed, 
slightly thickened near the base, fringed at the edge ; nut ovoid or narrowly oval, 10-17 
mm. long, twice surpassing the cup. 
In sandy soil, chiefly in the scrub, Florida to Mississippi. LIVE OAK. 
24. Quercus Virginiàna Mill. A large evergreen tree, reaching a maximum height 
of about 30 m. and a trunk diameter of about 2.5 m., the trunk clothed with a pale-gray or 
white furrowed bark. Leaf-blades leathery, oblong or oval, varying to obovate or oblanceo- 
late, 3-12 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, entire (except on shoots), more or less revolute, 
glabrous and often shining above, glabrous or sparingly pubescent beneath, never rugose ; 
petioles 0.5-1 cm. long: acorns solitary or spicate at the ends of the usually long pedun- 
cles; cup hemispheric, often slightly constricted at the base, 15-20 mm. broad, its scales 
appressed, the lower ones thickened on the back; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 2-2.5 cm. 
long, twice longer than the cup. [Q. virens Ait.] 
In sandy soil chiefly near the coast, Virginia to Florida and Mexico, also in Cuba. LIVE OAK. 
25. Quercus fusifórmis Small. A shrub 1.5-3 m. tall, with slender or switch-like 
stems or branches. Leaves persistent; blades leathery, oblong or oblong-ovate, 3-5 em. 
long, entire or sparingly spiny-toothed on twigs, gray-green and lustrous above, paler and 
scurfy-tomentulose beneath, slightly revolute, rounded or truncate at the oblique base, 
short-petioled : acorns numerous, solitary or several on slender peduncles ; cup turbinate, 
10-12 mm. high, gray ; nut fusiform, 2-2.5 cm. long, acute, conspicuously striate, thrice 
surpassing the cup. 
On arid limestone and granite hills, central Texas. LIVE OAK. 
26. Quercus undulata Torr. A shrub or small tree, with slender often switch-like 
stems or branches. Leaves numerous, persistent; blades firm and leathery, oblong or 
slightly broadest above or below the middle, 2-5 cm. long, sinuate-toothed, somewhat re- 
sembling those of Ilex opaca, light bluish or brownish green and lustrous above, dull, 
somewhat reticulated and obscurely puberulent beneath ; petioles 2-6 mm. long, puberu- 
lent: acorns sessile, 8-15 mm. long ; cup hemispheric, 5-7 mm. broad, not quite as high, 
with minute gray scales; nut cylindrie or barrel-shaped, usually over twice as long as the 
cup, brown. 
On escarpment hills, Colorado to Texas and Arizona. SwITCH OAK, 
27. Quercus Durándi Buckl. A tree sometimes, becoming 16 m. tall, with a trunk 
diameter of nearly 1 m., but often much smaller, the bark pale or light gray and somewhat 
scaly. Leaves numerous; blades narrowly oblong varying to broadest above the middle or 
below it, 4-10 cm. long, entire, or slightly 5-lobed near the blunt or slightly notched apex, 
rather leathery, pale green and lustrous above, very pale or whitish tomentulose beneath, 
gradually or abruptly narrowed at the base, short-petioled : acorns nearly sessile; cup very 
shallow, thickish, the thin acute scales appressed, whitish tomentulose ; nut ovoid or some- 
what depressed, about 1 em. long, only about 2 mm. included in the cup. 
In dry soil, often near streams, Alabama to eastern Texas. 
28. Quercus Laceyi Small. A shrub or small tree, becoming 6 m. tall, with a rough 
deeply and irregularly grooved bark. Leaves numerous, rather tardily deciduous; blades 
oblong and with 3-5 shallow lobes, or oblong-obovate and more prominently 3-lobed below 
the apex, 4-8 cm. long, olive-green and with a waxy lustre above, grayish and slightly and 
minutely scurfy beneath, sometimes truncate or subcordate at the base, short-petioled : 
acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 12-17 mm. broad, stout and corky, 
coarsely warty ; nut oblong to oblong-ovoid, 15-19 mm. long, often depressed at the apex : 
seed very bitter. 
On the summits of Caprina limestone hills, south-central Texas. BASTARD OAK. MOUNTAIN OAK. 
29. Quercus austrina Small. A tree, reaching a height of 15 m. and a trunk diam- 
eter of about 1 m. with a roughish bark and smooth reddish glaucous twigs. Leaf-blades 
cuneate to oblong-cuneate, 5-15 cm. long, with 3-5 blunt lobes above the middle, bright 
green but not lustrous above, white tomentulose but soon becoming glabrous and more or 
less glaucous beneath, short-petioled : staminate aments 5-7 cm. long, slender: acorns 
1.5-2 em. long. 
On river banks, Georgia and Alabama. 
30. Quercus ChapmániiSarg. A rigid shrub, or a small tree, with a maximum height 
of 10 m. and a trunk diameter of 3 dm., the trunk clothed with a dark bark which separates 
in irregular plates. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong, thickish, 5-10 cm. long, undulate or 
usually shallowly 3-lobed near the apex, or merely angulate, glabrous and lustrous above, 
sparingly pubescent beneath, more or less revolute, nearly sessile or short-petioled : acorns 
sessile or nearly so; cup depressed-hemispheric, 15-20 mm. broad, its scales tuberculate- 
23 
