FAGACEAE 355 
38. Quercus macrocárpa Michx. A large forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 
about 55 m. and a trunk diameter of 2.5 m., the trunk clothed with a brown or gray flaky 
bark. Leaf-blades thinnish, obovate or spatulate in outline, 1-3 dm. long, glabrous and shin- 
ing above, with fine white or gray tomentum beneath, pinnatifid into mostly diverging lobes 
or sometimes crenate-sinuate, the terminal lobe largest and usually coarsely crenate ; peti- 
oles 1-3 em. long : acorns on naked or leafy peduncles ; cup deeply hemispheric or sub- 
globose, 3-5 cm. long, the lower scales tuberculate on the back, the upper ones prolonged 
into long thread-like tips; nut subglobose or broadly oblong, 3-5 cm. long, pubescent, 
especially towards the apex, often twice as long as the cup. 
In rich woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Georgia and Texas. Mossv-cUP OAK. BUR OAK. 
39. Quercus lyrata Walt. A handsome tree, reaching a maximum height of about 
35 m. and a trunk diameter of more than 1 m., the trunk clothed with a brown or dark gray 
bark which separates in narrow scales. Leaf-blades rather thin, obovate or spatulate in out- 
line, deep green, glabrous and shining above, white-tomentose or glabrate beneath, lyrate- 
pinnatifid ; petioles 0.5-2 cm. long : acorns usually short-penduncled ; cup hemispheric or 
depressed-globose, 2-4 cm. broad, the scales thickened on the back, not prolonged into con- 
spicuous tips along the edge ; nut ovoid and exserted or depressed-globose, ovoid and nearly 
or completely included in the cup. 
Mostly in swamps, New Jersey and Missouri to Florida and Texas. SWAMP WHITE OAK. OVERCUP 
OAK. Swamp Post OAK. 
40. Quercus Margarétta Ashe. A shrub, or a small tree, sometimes 10 m. tall, 
with glabrous twigs, the bark very rough. Leaves numerous; blades oval or obovate in 
outline, 6-9 cm. long, undulate, sinuate or rather shallowly 3-5-lobed above the middle, 
smooth and mostly shining above, pale green or glaucous and more or less pubescent about 
the nerves beneath, short-petioled : acorns sessile or short-peduncled ; cup turbinate-hemis- 
pherie, 11-14 mm. broad, the lower scales much larger than the marginal; nut oblong 
to ovoid-oblong, 12-14 mm. long, one-half or less included in the cup, pubescent at the 
beaked apex. 
In pine lands or woods, Virginia to Florida and Alabama. 
41. Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 30 
m. and a trunk diameter of about 1.5 m., the trunk clothed with a narrowly ridged bark. 
Leaf-blades thickish, broadly obovate in outline, 1-2 dm. long, or smaller in the Southwest, 
dark green, shining and sparingly pubescent or glabrate above, finely tomentose with gray 
or yellowish hairs beneath, pinnatifid into usually 5 rather broad diverging lobes ; petioles 
1-3 em. long : acorns often clustered ; cup hemispheric, constricted at the base, 15-20 mm. 
broad, the scales flat, often somewhat spreading ; nut ovoid, 15-20 mm. long, pubescent at 
the top, twice or thice as long as the cup. 
In dry rocky soil, Massachusetts to Missouri, Kansas, Florida and Texas. PosT OAK. IRON OAK. 
42. Quercus Boyntónii Beadle. A shrub 1-5 m. tall, usually in large clumps, or 
occasionally with the aspect of a small tree, the trunk less than 1 dm. in diameter, the 
twigs clothed with a yellowish brownor brown tomentum, the bark of the main stems fissured 
and broken into irregular scales. Leaves deciduous ; blades obovate in outline, 5-9 cm. long, 
with 3-5 small obtuse lobes above the middle or usually near the summit, often cuneately 
narrowed to the base, soon glabrous and lustrous above, permanently tomentose beneath : 
acorns sometimes short-peduncled ; cup turbinate or cup-shaped, the closely imbricated 
acute or acutish scales densely tomentose ; nut oval or ovoid, about 12 mm. long, brown 
and striped, pale-pubescent at the apex, less than one-half enclosed in the cup. 
In rocky soil, Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 
43. Quercus álba L. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 45 m. and a 
trunk diameter of 2.5 m., the trunk clothed with a pale gray or white scaly or flaky bark. 
Leaf-blades obovate in outline, 1-2 dm. long, pale green above, glaucous beneath, finally 
glabrous, pinnatifid into 3-9, or usually, 7 ascending lobes, these entire or shallowly lobed ; 
petioles 1-2 em. long: acorns sometimes clustered ; cup saucer-shaped or shallowly hemi- 
à TY woody, 15-20 mm. broad, its .bracts often tuberculate, except near the edge ; nut 
oblong-ovoid, 15-25 mm. long, surpassing the cup 3-4 times. 
In woods, Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Nebraska, Florida and Texas. WHITE Oak. 
Order 8. URTICALES. 
Shrubs or trees with a hard wood, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the 
case of herbs often opposite : blades simple, entire, toothed ordivided. Flowers 
various, never in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often 
