ARTOCARPACEAE 361 
pedunculate. The staminate in elongated cylindric, ament-like drooping spikes: sepals 
nearly equal: stamens 4, inserted opposite the sepals under the rudimentary ovary, ex- 
serted : filaments filiform : anthers introrse, with roundish connectives.  Pistillate flowers 
in shorter, stouter and denser spikes: calyx with 4 sepals, the outer often much larger 
than the inner, accrescent and enclosing the fruit. Ovary sessile, 1-celled : style terminal, 
very short: stigmas linear, ascending. Ovules suspended, campylotropous. Syncarp more 
or less elongated, white or black. Achenes tipped by the persistent stigmas. MULBERRY. 
Leaf-blades glabrous beneath or sparingly pubescent on the nerves. 
Leaf-blades 6-20 em. tong rather smooth above : species introduced. 
i 
Syncarp white or pinkish. 1. M. alba. 
Syncarp black at maturity. 2. M. nigra. 
Leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, scabrous above: species Texano-Mexican. 3. M. microphylla. 
Leaf-blades softly pubescent beneath. ^ 4. M. rubra. 
1. Morus alba L. A tree 5-12 m. tall, with a maximum trunk diameter of 1 m., 
the twigs and young foliage sparingly pubescent. Leaf-blades ovate or oval-ovate, 6-15 
em. long, acute or short-acuminate, singly or doubly serrate, sometimes lobed, rounded or 
cordate at the base, generally pubescent on and about the nerves beneath ; petioles 4-} as 
long as the blades, puberulent: staminate spikes 1-2 cm. long, mostly longer than the pe- 
duncle: pistillate spikes 0.5-1 cm. long : syncarp subglobose or oval-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 
usually longer than the peduncle, white or pinkish. 
In fields and waste places, Maine to Minnesota, Georgia and Texas. Naturalized from the Old 
World. Spring and summer. 
2. Morus nigra L. A shrub or tree, ranging from 3-20 m. high, with puberulent 
twigs and young foliage. Leaf-blades thin, ovate, 4-15 cm. long, short-acuminate, serrate, 
undivided or 2-3-lobed, rounded or cordate at the base, becoming glabrous; petioles 1—3 
as long as the blades: staminate spikes cylindric, 1-2 em. long, longer than the peduncles : 
pistillate spikes oval, 5-8 mm. long, shorter than the pubescent peduncles: syncarp oval- 
oblong, 1-2 cm. long, the drupelets black when mature. 
Along roadsides and in waste places, New York to Florida and Texas. Introduced from the Old 
World. Spring. 
3. Morus microphylla Buckl. A shrub or small tree 10 m. tall, with a trunk 3-4 
dm. in diameter. Leaf-blades ovate, oval or suborbicular, 2-5 em. long, short-acuminate, 
serrate with rather appressed teeth, rounded or subcordate at the base, scabrous, deep 
green, sparingly pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petioles 0.5-1 cm. long, puberulent : 
staminate spikes slender, 1-2 cm. long, longer than the peduncles: pistillate spikes small, 
drooping : syncarp oval-oblong, 1-1.5 em. long, deep purple or nearly black. 
On plains or prairies, Texas to Arizona, and in northern Mexico. Early spring. 
. 4. Morus rübra L. A tree, reaching a height of 20 m. and a maximum trunk 
diameter of 2.5 m. the bark separating in thin scales. Leaf-blades ovate or oval-ovate, 6-20 
em. long, abruptly acuminate, serrate, rounded or cordate at the base, becoming glabrous 
above, softly pubescent beneath; petioles 1-1 as long as the blades: staminate spikes 
slender, 4-8 cm. long, cylindric, much longer than the peduncles : pistillate spikes about 
1 em. long, drooping : syncarp cylindric, 3-6 cm. long, deep red or purplish, very juicy. 
Plants sometimes flower in the fall, especially in southern Florida. 
In fields and woods, Vermont to Ontario, South Dakota, Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 
2. TÓXYLON Raf. 
Dioecious trees, with a furrowed bark, armed with axillary thorns. Leaves alternate : 
blades entire, leathery. Flowers green, pedunculate, on branchlets of the previous year, 
the staminate in globose racemes : calyx campanulate, the 4 sepals narrowed to a pubescent 
pedicel. Stamens 4, inserted opposite the sepals: filaments filiform, slightly flattened : 
anthers introrse, with a short connective. Fertile flowers in dense heads on the stout 
shoots of the year. Calyx narrowly campanulate, the 2 outer sepals much broader than 
the inner, persistent, accrescent. Ovary ovoid, l-celled, sessile, flattened, included, pro- 
longed into a long terminal filiform plumose stigma. Ovule suspended, anatropous. 
Achenes oblong, flattened, collected into a large globose syncarp. OSAGE ORANGE. 
. l. Toxylon pomíferum Raf. A shrub or tree 20 m. high, with a maximum trunk 
diameter of nearly 1 m., the foliage pubescent when young, glabrous at maturity. Branch- 
lets zigzag: leaf-blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, or rarely obovate, 4-30 
cm. long, acuminate, entire, rounded or subcordate at the base, dark green and lustrous 
above, dull and paler beneath; petioles about 4 as long as the blades: racemes 1-2 cm. 
long, subglobose, shorter than the peduncles : sepals united to the middle, the lobes ovate, 
